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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Thanksgiving with the Salvation Army will be different in 2020 because of the coronavirus pandemic."We knew that we were going to do something," says Captain Sean Kelsley, who oversees the Salvation Army East County Operations. "The question was, what would it look like?"For the past 30 years, the Salvation Army held large, family-style gatherings to feed people experiencing homelessness, the disabled, and families in need at Golden Hall for Thanksgiving. They plan for 1,800 people, plus volunteers.But a gathering of 2,000+ people is strictly forbidden under California and San Diego County COVID-19 guidelines.In its place, the Salvation Army will offer "grab-and-go" style meals at four locations around the county."We're just glad to be able to be here," says Captain Kelsey. "However people celebrate the holidays, they'll at least be able to get some turkey and some gravy and all that good stuff."People will also receive an additional bag of fruit and snacks with their meals.In addition to providing food, Captain Kelsey says it's a way to connect with people and help them through whatever hardships they face."It allows us to encourage people and find out about a situation that is so dire, that maybe we can wrap around that individual that family, get them plugged in, and get them connected so they can get back on their feet," he says.Service for the meals will start at 11 am at the following locations:Oceanside Corps: 3935 Lake Blvd, Oceanside, CA 92056Centre City Corps: 825 7th Avenue, San Diego, CA 92101Citadel Corps: 4170 Balboa Ave, San Diego, CA 92117El Cajon Red Shield Center: 1025 E. Main St, El Cajon, CA 92021 1671

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Technical problems at the state level impacted the California Department of Public Health's ability to accurately report COVID-19 cases."We are committed to the medium- and long-term to address these foundational data issues so that we can approve our importance and our customer service," California Gov. Gavin Newsom said on Monday.According to the state, the data system they use failed, and that led to inaccurate case numbers and case positivity rates. That failure prevented counties from having some of the data they need to monitor and respond to the virus in local communities, such as contact tracing.The state says that about two weeks ago, a server outage created a delay in lab records coming into the reporting system. At the same time, they realized they weren't getting data from one of the largest commercial reporting labs for about five days."Just thanking all Californians for their patience as we continue to make sure we're sharing this accurate COVID-19 data," said Secretary of California Health and Human Services Dr. Mark Ghaly. "We know how critical it is for planning at the local level for all Californians to feel confident about the trends and where we're heading."Counties across the state felt the impact of the data inaccuracies. Local leaders use numbers and science to guide decision-making.But are counties having any issues with the numbers at the local level?In Kern County, public health officials were asked at the end of July if they're 100% sure no one is getting double-counted for positive COVID-19 tests."That answer would be no…we do get cases that we hear that their addresses are mismatched, they've been counted in another county, they were tested and are in another county, and we are still waiting for that information to flow through so I'm not comfortable saying that we're 100% sure that we aren't duplicating any cases," Kern County Public Health Department Lead Epidemiologist Kim Hernandez said.Public health said less than 18.4 cases were reported inaccurately.Kern County Chief Administrative Officer Ryan Alsop told 23ABC News, "The data and duplication that you are asking about is not a reason we are on the state’s monitoring list."With questions about accuracy at the state level and those raised in Kern County, reporter Adam Racusin asked officials in San Diego and San Luis Obispo counties how confident they are in the daily numbers they report to the public."I'm quite confident our numbers are accurate," said San Diego County Public Health Officer Dr. Wilma Wooten. "We have web CMR, and our tests are not all phoned through CalREDIE system. Our test results are reported directly to the county. The only issue which you already know about is the glitch with Quest."A spokesperson for San Luis Obispo County said they are confident in the number of positive cases reported.A spokesperson for the county said, "When it comes to duplicates, they regularly run data queries on positive case results to search for duplicates. On occasion duplicates have been detected and counts adjusted appropriately."The spokesperson also noted, "With regard to the total number of tests (positive and negative), some individuals may receive multiple tests over time. We do not classify those as duplicates but rather they are counted as distinct testing events. That is to say, if one is tested five times, that will show with five distinct test results. All that said, some locations/labs are not reporting ALL their test results (both negative and positive) through our reporting system. Some are only reporting positive tests. So, there may be some under-reporting of negative tests. Consequently, we are confident that the number of positive case reports is correct, although the number of negative results (and by extension) the number of total tests run, may be somewhat under reported."The California Department of Public Health did not respond to multiple requests for comment about data accuracy and duplicate counting. 4011

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The cost of housing in California isn’t just affecting first-time home buyers, it’s also taking a toll on retirees, according to a report from Global Atlantic Financial Group. The research, based on data from more than 4,000 people nationwide, found that retirees in California spend nearly ,575 a month: 30 percent more than the average retiree in the U.S. at ,008.Housing costs that build up during working years also take a toll. Nearly half of California’s non-retired residents ages 40 and up owe an average of 4,876 on their mortgages, compared to the national average of 4,770. Global Atlantic claims that sky-high housing expenses force California residents to make sacrifices during retirement, including cutbacks on restaurants and entertainment, travel and vacations and charitable giving. Almost 40 percent of retirees nationwide are spending more than they expected."Many Americans adjust their lifestyles and cut spending once they see how quickly costs can add up in retirement," says Paula Nelson of Global Atlantic. She says it's an important lesson for those currently in the workforce to understand. "While older retirees are collecting income from employer-sponsored retirement plans, such as pensions, younger and future retirees may not receive the same benefits. Not only have pensions gradually become less common, but the data shows that younger retirees are also less likely to have much saved in other defined contribution plans, like 401(k)s," says Nelson.More than half of retirees wish they'd handled their financial planning differently, according to analysts. The top three regrets include not saving enough, relying too much on Social Security, and not paying down debt before retiring. 1758

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The average price for a gallon of gas in San Diego rose again Saturday, increasing a cent and pushing San Diego's average into the region.While consumers have seen pockets of a gallon gas in previous weeks, Saturday marked the first time since 2015 the county's average climbed over .This compares to the state's overall average of .98 a gallon and the national average of .82 a gallon.MAP: To find the best price on gasoline around San Diego CountySan Diego's average gallon of regular gas cost .02 a gallon Saturday, up from .99 on Friday and .77 a week ago. At this time last year, San Diego County was paying .57 a gallon on average.A series of refinery issues have made high demand even more costly for drivers.A fire shut down the Wilmington Phillips 66 refinery on March 15. Then, the Valero refinery in the Bay Area shut down due to a scrubber malfunction days later. Two plants in Southern California experienced outages in El Segundo and Wilmington. PBF Energy in Torrance had routine maintenance, which decreased production.RELATED: Flying cars wouldn't just save time — they could help the environment, study saysOut of state refineries could help California out with production, but supplies take time to ship.To make matters worse, the Energy Information Administration says 2019 could show the highest gasoline demand on record as early as this summer, considering early demand numbers for April, AAA reports. The EIA added that shrinking supplies and high demand could push prices at the pump higher.The county's highest average on record was achieved in October 2012, when the average price for a gallon of regular gas was .72. 1693

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