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At 3 p.m. ET on Monday, November 26, a group of researchers will be really sweating. The NASA InSight spacecraft will try to land on Mars.After six months of flight, the lander component of the probe will detach itself from the cruise stage and head into the atmosphere. The lander component initially looks a fair bit like the re-entry capsule used in the 1960s and 1970s for the Apollo moon missions -- sort of conical, with a smooth and flat bottom. That bottom is a crucial heat shield that is designed to protect the probe as it passes through the thin Martian atmosphere.The landing is a devilishly difficult feat. The landing capsule has to batter its way through the atmosphere. It will fly through the Martian air at an initial speed of 12,300 mph, and it must hit the atmosphere at an angle of precisely 12 degrees. Any shallower, and the probe will bounce off into deep space. Any steeper, and the probe will burn itself up in a spectacular and fiery death. The probe will first touch the atmosphere six minutes and 45 seconds before landing. During this phase, it will experience acceleration 12 times that of the Earth's gravity. Were the probe a 150-pound human, during the flaming descent, it would weigh nearly a ton.About 3? minutes after the probe hits the atmosphere, a parachute will deploy, slowing down the probe even more. Fifteen seconds later, explosives will blow the heat shield off, exposing the actual InSight probe hidden inside. Ten seconds after the heat shield falls away, the probe will extend its legs, much like an airplane extends its wheels before touching down.The probe will fall for an additional two minutes attached to the parachute and protected by its conical shell. About 45 seconds before InSight lands, it will drop out of the shell and fall toward the surface. As soon as it leaves the shell, its landing rockets will ignite.The actual InSight probe looks a little bit like the Apollo moon lander, with three legs to support it and a boxy top. The rockets will slow it further and stop any remaining horizontal motion. Then, about 15 seconds before touchdown, the InSight probe will descend at a speed of 8 feet per second, before hopefully touching down gently on the Martian surface.The entire landing sequence will take about seven minutes to occur. A radio signal from Mars to Earth currently takes about eight minutes and seven seconds to get here. So the complete landing process will take place before we find out if it was successful. It will be done automatically, entirely by the probe itself. For the scientists and engineers who designed InSight, this is called "seven minutes of terror."And they are right to be worried. Mars is a graveyard of failed probes. There have been 44 attempts by various national space agencies to land on Mars. Eighteen have been successful. Twenty-three have not. Three have achieved orbit but failed at a landing.So, what does InSight hope to achieve? Well, as it happens, a lot. But it's different than the intrepid Curiosity probe, which NASA landed in 2012. InSight will not move around. Instead, it will stay put and tell us of the interior of Mars.One thing it will do is emit radio waves that we can monitor on Earth. By making careful measurements of how the frequency of the radio waves change, we will be able to measure the degree to which Mars wobbles as it rotates. That will tell us something about the core of the planet, specifically its makeup and information on the degree to which it is molten.InSight will also deploy a seismometer to listen for marsquakes (like earthquakes, but Martian-style) and for impacts of meteors on the planet. Information gleaned from the waves the seismometer detects will tell us more about the planet's interior.The third thing InSight will do is to dig below the planet's surface. Using a jackhammer, the probe will drill down 5 meters (16 feet) into the planet and, basically, it will take the planet's temperature.There are many reasons this is interesting. Taking the temperature at that depth will allow planetary scientists to determine how much heat is escaping from Mars. More broadly, this measurement will allow a clear determination of the temperature of the planet much closer to the core.This information will tell us a lot about how Mars formed, which, in turn, will add to the information of how rocky planets, including our own Earth, typically develop.And if you're more of an explorer kind of person and not so interested in Martian geology, it will also tell us how warm the planet is at modest depths, which will tell us if there is any chance of liquid water on the planet. Perhaps obviously, if the Martian subsurface is warm enough, any buried water will be in liquid form and not ice. Finding liquid water would be the key discovery that would make Martian exploration relatively easy. A relatively recent possible discovery of a buried Martian lake was promising, but the data was not conclusive. Knowing that the ground is warm would be very comforting to possible future explorers.Exploring the solar system is the first step toward exploring the stars. The InSight probe will give us --well -- insight into whether this is something that humanity will achieve in the foreseeable future.And maybe Elon Musk's bet on him getting to Mars will become true. 5329

As the USPS is collecting letters from children across the United States, someone will need to respond to all of those children. Starting Friday, the USPS will begin Operation Santa, which will allow adults to respond to letters written by children. According to the USPS, potential adopters can read the letters and pick one, or more, that they’d like to fulfill. USPS says for security reasons, potential adopters must be vetted by going through a short registration and ID verification process before they are allowed to adopt any letter.The USPS says that the program is intended to help millions of less fortunate children. The program is for every person of every belief, or non-belief, USPS says.This is the first time Operation Santa has gone nationwide because of the pandemic.USPS says children who want to be a possible recipient of holiday gifts can write a letter, put it in a stamped envelope with a return address, and send it to Santa’s official workshop address. Letters will be accepted Nov. 16 – Dec. 15.The address is:Santa Claus123 Elf RoadNorth Pole, 88888Those who want to respond to a child’s letter can do so by going to the Operation Santa website here. 1187

Authorities have identified the body of a young boy found at a New Mexico compound as Abdul-Ghani Wahhaj, a missing 3-year-old who was allegedly abducted by his father in November, according to the state's Office of the Medical Investigator.The boy's remains were discovered a few days after authorities first raided the makeshift compound earlier this month and discovered 11 emaciated children wearing rags and no shoes.Abdul-Ghani, who would have turned 4 the day his body was discovered, had been missing since last November, when his father, 40-year-old Siraj Wahhaj, allegedly took him from his mother in Jonesboro, Georgia, and said they were going to a park.They never returned.New Mexico authorities suspected the boy and his father were at the compound after learning about the abduction in May, according to the Taos County sheriff, but didn't have enough evidence for a search warrant. 915

Atlanta police released images late Sunday of a second person of interest in the fatal shooting of an 8-year-old girl on the Fourth of July. Authorities are also offering a ,000 reward for information in the death of Secoriea Turner. At least two shooters were believed to be responsible for her death. Police had released a short video of the first person of interest last week. Photos were released Sunday night of the second person of interest.According to Crime Stoppers in Atlanta, the preliminary investigation suggests the young girl was riding in a car with her mother and an adult friend when they were confronted by a group of people blocking the entrance to a parking lot. At some point, someone in the group opened fire on the car, hitting it several times and striking the child. The driver headed to a nearby hospital, and Turner died from her injuries. Both persons of interest are seen in the images carrying rifles. The fatal shooting happened near the Wendy's where Rayshard Brooks was shot and killed by a police officer. 1051

AT&T is giving back to teachers, nurses, and physicians "that give their best to our communities every day" by offering them discounts on unlimited wireless plans.Starting July 10, they could begin receiving a 25% discount savings on Unlimited Starter, Extra and Elite wireless plans, the company said in a press release. “Teachers, nurses, and physicians are an essential part of our communities and we believe it’s crucial to recognize the great importance of these individuals during these challenging times,” said David Christopher, executive vice president, and general manager – AT&T Mobility in the press release. “We’re happy to support those who give back so much by offering them and their families significant savings on these unlimited wireless plans.”New Savings for Those that Give their BestTeachers: New and existing customers that are Kindergarten through post-secondary teachers, professors, instructors, and their families can take advantage of this appreciation offer.Nurses and Physicians: New and existing customers that are nurses, physicians, physician assistants, and their families can benefit from this appreciation offer.AT&T also stated that they would also donate million to teacher-focused organizations as a way to support education initiatives across the country.The wireless company said that Teach for America, Breakthrough Collaborative, ISTE's Summer League Academy, and Alliance for Excellent Education would receive the contribution.To sign-up for the offer, you can click here. 1540