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HAVANA, Sept. 6 (Xinhua) -- Cuban medical authorities have launched the sales of the world's first therapeutic vaccine against lung cancer, local officials said on Tuesday.The CimaVax-EGF vaccine, as a result of a 25-year research into diseases related to tobacco smoking, has been developed by researchers and scientists at the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM) in Havana.The active drug ingredient in the vaccine is based on "a protein we all have when cancer is uncontrolled." "The epidermal growth factor is related to all cell proliferation," said Gisela Gonzalez, head researcher of the project."The drug could turn the cancer into a manageable, chronic disease by generating antibodies against the proteins which triggered the uncontrolled cell proliferation," she said.The immunogenic vaccine is appropriate to patients with advanced lung cancer in stages of three and four, showing no positive response to other kinds of treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the expert said."It is not possible to prevent the disease but this vaccine improves significantly the status of the critically ill patients," she added.She said the CimaVax-EGF has gone through clinical studies and trials in over 1,000 patients across the island and is currently distributed free of charge in all hospitals of the Caribbean island nation.Gonzalez also said researchers at the CIM planned to use the same principle of the CimaVax-EGF in treating other cancerous tumors such as prostate, uterus and breast cancers.Lung cancer is regarded as one of the world's most serious, common and deadly cancers and is most frequently found among tobacco smokers.According to the World Health Organization, the disease generally kills 5 million people a year, and the figure is expected to rise to as much as 8 million by 2030 unless smoking habits are changed.In Cuba, like many other developing countries across the world, smoking is seen as a status symbol. Lung cancer, killing about 20,000 people a year in the Caribbean country, is considered a serious threat to public health and the leading cause of death in 12 of the country's 15 provinces.

BEIJING, Sept. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- The city government called on residents to register their dogs on time and keep better control of them to fight the increasing number of rabies cases during a discussion of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress on Friday."As the number of dogs in the city rises, the number of dog bites is also going up," said Lei Decai, director of the rural affairs committee of the people's congress.Last year, more than 30,000 residents were bitten by dogs and nine died of rabies. As of June this year, six people have died of rabies, Lei said."The main problem lies in the registration of dogs," he said, adding that the number of unlicensed dogs in the city is unknown. A man takes his dog for a spin on the back of a motorized tricycle in a Beijing street last month. The city plans to strengthen management of dogs in the future in an effort to combat the spread of rabies, which can be fatal if it is not treated in timeAt the beginning of June, eight residents were attacked by dogs in Beijing's Olympic Forest Park.One of them, Zhao Haiyan, 56, a retiree, was bitten in her left leg as she walked in the park. The puncture wounds left her leg bleeding."An officer in the park brought me to a hospital to get vaccinated for rabies, and I had no idea who I could ask for compensation, because the dog was fed by workers in a construction site and had no registration," she told China Daily."Now I worry when I see an unleashed dog," she added.Zhao is not alone. Cao Lifang, also 56, has helped a friend care for a dog since February. Dabai, a 6-year-old male Samoyed, bit her in mid-June when she was trying to keep him from fighting another dog.The attack left a deep bite mark on Cao's left hand, and she had to take anti-rabies injections for more than a month.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 31 (Xinhua) -- Astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory discovered the first pair of supermassive black holes in a spiral galaxy similar to the Milky Way, NASA announced Wednesday.Approximately 160 million light years from Earth, the pair is the nearest known such phenomenon.The black holes are located near the center of the spiral galaxy NGC 3393. Separated by only 490 light years, the black holes are likely the remnant of a merger of two galaxies of unequal mass a billion or more years ago.Both of the supermassive black holes are heavily obscured by dust and gas, which makes them difficult to observe in optical light. Because X-rays are more energetic, they can penetrate this obscuring material. Chandra's X-ray spectra show clear signatures of a pair of supermassive black holes."If this galaxy weren't so close, we'd have no chance of separating the two black holes the way we have," said Pepi Fabbiano of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, who led the study that appeared Wednesday in on-line issue of the journal Nature. "Since this galaxy was right under our noses by cosmic standards, it makes us wonder how many of these black hole pairs we've been missing."Previous observations in X-rays and at other wavelengths indicated that a single supermassive black hole existed in the center of NGC 3393. However, a long look by Chandra allowed the researchers to detect and separate the dual black holes. Both black holes are actively growing and emitting X-rays as gas falls towards them and becomes hotter.When two equal-sized spiral galaxies merge, astronomers think it should result in the formation of a black hole pair and a galaxy with a disrupted appearance and intense star formation. A well-known example is the pair of supermassive black holes in NGC 6240, which is located about 330 million light years from Earth.However, NGC 3393 is a well-organized spiral galaxy, and its central bulge is dominated by old stars. These are unusual properties for a galaxy containing a pair of black holes.

YANGON, July 10 (Xinhua) -- Myanmar is projecting to build the first-ever liver transplant hospital in line with the international standard, the local weekly Voice reported Sunday.With the technological help of the Changi General Hospital of Singapore, a 40-million-U.S dollar worth private hospital has started building since late last month.The hospital will offer services for the patients living with heart and kidney diseases and for protection from being affected Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), the report said.In Myanmar, liver transplant will cost about 20 million Kyats ( 25,000 U.S. dollars), lesser than other countries, the report added.Myanmar experts carried out successful liver-transplant operation in 2004 for the first time and in 2009 for the second time.

WASHINGTON, June 16 (Xinhua) -- Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage. New research by a team of scientists at the University of Rochester has unveiled an important new mechanism that allows cells to recognize when they are under stress and prime the DNA repair machinery to respond to the threat of damage.Their findings will be published Friday in journal Science. Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage.The scientists, led by biologists Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focused on the most dangerous type of DNA damage -- double strand breaks. Unrepaired, this type of damage can lead to premature aging and cancer. They studied how oxidative stress affects efficiency of DNA repair. Oxidative stress occurs when the body is unable to neutralize the highly-reactive molecules, which are typically produced during routine cellular activities.The research team found that human cells undergoing oxidative stress synthesized more of a protein called SIRT6. By increasing SIRT6 levels, cells were able to stimulate their ability to repair double strand breaks. When the cells were treated with a drug that inactivated SIRT6, DNA repair came to a halt, thus confirming the role of SIRT6 in DNA repair. Gorbunova notes that the SIRT6 protein is structurally related to another protein, SIR2, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms."SIRT6 also affects DNA repair when there is no oxidative stress," explains Gorbunova. "It's just that the effect is magnified when the cells are challenged with even small amounts of oxidative stress."SIRT6 allows the cells to be economical with their resources, priming the repair enzymes only when there is damage that needs to be repaired. Thus SIRT6 may be a master regulator that coordinates stress and DNA repair activities, according to Gorbunova.