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After 18 months of deliberation and public consultation, legislators passed the long-awaited Labor Contract Law on Friday to improve workers' basic rights. The law, which would take effect on January 1 next year, won 145 of the 146 votes of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC). One vote was not cast. The new law is considered the most significant change in the country's labor rules in more than a decade. It establishes standards for labor contracts, use of temporary workers and severance pay. It makes mandatory the use of written contracts and strongly discourages fixed-term contracts. According to the law, severance should be paid if a fixed-term contract expires but is not renewed without an appropriate reason. It is also stipulated that employers must submit proposed workplace rules or changes concerning pay, work allotment, hours, insurance, safety and holidays to the workers' congress for discussion. After the recent exposure of forced labor in brick kilns in Central and North China, the final draft added stipulations that government officials guilty of abuse of office and dereliction of duty would face administrative penalties or criminal prosecution. Xin Chunying, deputy chairperson of the NPC Law Committee, said the law is not intended to replace the current Labor Law but rather, to further standardize labor contracts in favor of employees. Li Yuan, one of the legislators in charge of drafting the law, said the law targeted bosses and officials who exploited workers. The draft law was first proposed in 2005 amid complaints that companies were mistreating workers by withholding pay, requiring unpaid overtime or failing to provide written contracts. Many workers were also becoming trapped in short-term contracts. Last March, the draft was made public for consultation, and legislators received about 192,000 public responses in a month. Only the Constitution, drafted in 1954, received more. However, business lobbies are worried that stricter contract requirements could raise costs and give them less flexibility to hire and fire employees. Both the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China and the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai (AmCham Shanghai) had made submissions to the NPC, suggesting the law might exert negative influence on foreign investment in China. In a letter to the NPC last year, Serge Janssens de Varebeke, then-president of the European Union chamber, warned the "strict" regulations could force foreign companies to "reconsider new investments or continuing their activities in China" because of possible cost increases. But Xin said there wouldn't be a substantial cost increase for companies that strictly follow the existing Labor Law. "All the principles have been included in the current law. The new law just details the provisions to facilitate implementation," she said.

BEIJING -- China is likely to become the world's second largest consumer market by 2015,  said a report released by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG).Chinese shoppers select the luxury Louis Vuitton luggage at the first franchise store in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu Province, July 25, 2007. [newsphoto]The report is based on a survey of 4,258 consumers in 13 Chinese cities from February to March 2007. According to the report, Chinese consumers are experiencing unprecedented wealth growth which is 3 to 5 times faster than developed countries in the past 50 years. Most Chinese consumers plan to spend more in near future to fulfill their family dreams."The past decade of rapid economic growth has brought prosperity but also uncertainty, resulting in a highly complex consumer market with diverse consumer attitudes," said Hubert Hsu, senior partner and managing director of BCG, at a press conference in Beijing."Capturing the next wave of consumer growth in China will involve developing deep consumer insights and creating marketing differentiation," said Hsu.The report said there are significant generational differences in terms of spending attitude among Chinese consumers. The strong interest in trading up, which means spending more money for more expensive products, was driven up by consumers' increasing desire for better goods and services and rising concern over safety and quality of cheap products.Chinese consumers put more faith in brand names compared with the US consumers and they believe good brand represents quality, safety, effectiveness and durability, said Hsu.Despite strong trading up desires, Chinese consumers continue to "treasure hunt" - make deliberate trade-offs to maximize "value" of their budgets. They use similar strategies for treasure hunting as their counterparts in other countries except several unusual tactics such as group purchase for volume discount, said the report.The report suggested global suppliers in China should establish strong, branded relationships with China's treasure-hunting consumers, provide the kinds of products that appeal to practical concerns and emotional needs, and be willing to customize their offerings to meet the needs of a geographically diverse population.While the retailers must make sure the categories they carry are the ones that treasure-hunting consumers will seek and focus on a product's technical and emotional benefits, said the report.

SHENZHEN -- Construction began Saturday on an experimental facility which will offer a platform for Chinese and foreign scientists to work together for discovering a new kind of neutrino oscillation in Shenzhen, South China's Guangdong Province.It was the second biggest cooperation program Chinese high energy scientists ever conducted with other foreign counterparts since October 1988 when the positive-negative electron collider was built in Beijing.Through the collider, scientists from China and the United States have cooperated and carried out legions of scientific research.Saturday's construction commencement function was attended by more than 100 people, including government officials and foreign diplomats, such as Dr. Robin Staffin, Associate Director of Science in the US Department of Energy.Neutrino Oscillation is an intriguing behavior of a sub-atomic particle called neutrino.And the new facility is being built in the mountain near Daya Nuclear Power Plant, which has four reactors with a combined thermal output of 11.6 million kw in operation, and Ling'ao nuclear power plant is not far away. Both nuke power plants will serve as sources of anti-neutrinos for the experiments when the facility is finished.Workers will build three underground experimental halls which will be connected by long tunnels in the mountain that shields the experiment from unwanted cosmic radiation.Each hall will feature a 10-m deep water-pool within which eight anti-neutrino detectors will be deployed. The water protects the detectors from nearby radiation that interferes with the measurement, and helps identify surviving cosmic radiation.And the first experimental hall is expected to be ready by the end of 2008. Commissioning of the detectors in this hall will take place in 2009.Civil engineering construction is anticipated to last about two years, with installation of the last detector scheduled for 2010.Upon completion of the new facility, more than 190 scientists from six countries and regions including the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Taiwan Province, the United States and Russia will come over to do research work, according to Chen Hesheng, Chief of the Institute of High Energy Physics with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).The facility will have a budget of 250 million yuan (US.25 million). And China will be responsible for infrastructure construction and making of four detectors. And the United States will be responsible for making of the rest of the detectors.Wang Yifang, chief scientist on the experiment, said he was confident that the program would make an important contribution to finding a new breakthrough in China's research efforts in particle physics, starting a new horizon in world's neutrino research, and to improving the overall strength of China in science and technology.

CHANGSHA -- Chinese media have blasted an attempt by a Chinese city in Hunan province to set a world record for the longest string of firecrackers, labeling it "ridiculous" and a waste of money.A 20-km string of firecrackers, stretching from Dayao Town to the downtown area of Liuyang City, home to China's largest firecracker production base, went up in smoke on Friday afternoon, exploding for 68 minutes and littering the ground with red debris, as organizers sought to gain publicity for the city and its local fireworks industry.The event, organized by several firecracker plants and partly sponsored by the local government, cost more than 800,000 yuan (about US7,000), including 580,000 yuan for the firecrackers themselves and the remainder to stage the event and ensure the fire service was on standby."The production of firecrackers is one of the city's main industries. We hope the success of making the longest firecracker will increase the confidence of the producers and make our city well-known across the country," said Xu Qiangguo, head of the Liuyang Firecrackers Bureau.But the event, billed by local media as a Guinness World Record attempt, was not attended by an official Guinness World Records representative after it ignored a request from the organizers to attend.Instead, a representative from the unofficial Shanghai Great World Guinness Book of Records turned up to present them with a certificate bestowing upon the city the honour of having only "the country's longest string of firecrackers"."I can only ensure you that it's the longest firecracker in China and I dare not say it's the world's longest," said the Shanghai office's representative Wang Yizhuo."Firecrackers were traditionally used to ward off evils but burning crackers is more of a token of celebrations and festivals nowadays. I think this longest string of crackers reflect the happy and peaceful life of the people," he said.A flood of opinion pieces from newspapers around the country waded in with their assessments."Such a record is ridiculous, just like to sharpen the two ends of a tree and apply for the record of the longest toothpick," a journalist with the Jinan Times said.The Beijing Times said, "Unless the firecrackers are supposed to be part of a cinematic scene of raging war, what benefits would accrue from setting off 20 kilometers of fireworks?"The newspaper went on to bemoan the country's lack of creativity. "We are no less than a manufacturing base for the world. We may continue to set records in a similar manner, but that will not add a jot to our overall competitiveness," the article said.The Liuyang authorities also came under fire from a writer from the Guangzhou Daily, who called the event a "real burden for the local economy"."It's high time to call off applications for the professed 'longest' or 'most' records, such as 10,000 people eating hotpot and 10,000 people washing their feet together. They lack social significance as well as scientific and technical skills," he wrote."Some local governments like to spend a fortune creating a record in order to attract attention. But after the sensation only some meaningless numbers are left."But the man behind the spectacle Xu Qiangguo remained defiant and said he was considering applying for the official world record next year."I don't think it's a waste of money because we have got what we wanted: extensive media coverage and more orders," he said. "If you call that too luxurious, how about the existence of so many five-star hotels? They are even more luxurious."Several onlookers in Liuyang agreed. "The firecracker industry is the pillar industry of the city and making such a long one will promote our firecrackers' fame and maybe even make them world renowned," one said.Meanwhile the controversy surrounding the legitimacy of the Shanghai Great World Guinness Book of Records, which was established in 1992 and comes under the authority of the Shanghai branch of the Communist Party Youth League, continues.Guinness' official branch in China is Liaoning Education Press, based in the northeastern province of the same name.According to an article on the website of Liaoning Education Press, it has been the real Guinness Book of Records representative in China since Shanghai Great World Guinness and the Guinness Book of Records split in 1996.In 2003, a Hebei businessman from Beijing sued the Shanghai office after paying them a 1,800-yuan registration fee so he could set a world record for the first bungee jump from a moving aircraft, believing the organization to be affiliated to the Guinness publishers.After completing the jump from a helicopter 80 meters above ground, He later read in a Beijing newspaper that the Shanghai Guinness office was not an authorized agent of the Guinness Book of World Records and had been misleading the public. He also discovered that a German man had jumped 1,100 meters from a helicopter in 1997.

BEIJING -- China's education officials are joining with employment authorities to mount investigations into reports of agencies and individuals who lure minors to work, said the Ministry of Education on Thursday."We have received reports that some agencies and individuals lured minors to work on the pretense of introducing them to part-time jobs or internships," said the ministry in a circular.Education authorities across the country will join with officials who have law enforcement powers in labor departments and commerce and industry administrations to intensify supervision and management to stop illegal employment of minors by agencies and individuals, it said.The ministry asked its local branches and all schools to be aware and report illegal employment to the authorities.Chinese law bans minors under the age of 16 from working and those between 16 and 18 must be given easier and safer work than adult workers.Employers who violate the law can be fined and, if the crime is serious, their business licenses will be withdrawn.In June, private brick kilns in north China's Shanxi Province were found abusing workers, many of whom were underage, in a forced labor scandal.A total of 95 officials in the province have been punished in the wake of the forced labor scandal.The ministry also warned vocational schools not to violate regulations on internships, which ban students from interning during their first year.Most vocational schools in China take in students who finish three years in secondary school, but do not go to high school.In 2004, a private vocational school in southeast China's Jiangxi Province was caught luring first-year students to work full-time in an electronic hardware factory during their summer vacation by promising free tuition.