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As more and more public spaces open back up, many people are finding themselves a little jumpy when they hear someone cough nearby. Are they sick, is it allergies, is it coronavirus?Chances are, we are jumping to conclusions about those “sick” sounds we find disgusting, according to a recently published study from the University of Michigan and University of California, Irvine.“We find no evidence that perceivers can reliably detect pathogen threats from cough and sneeze sounds, even though they are reasonably certain they can,” said Nicholas Michalak, the study’s lead author and a University of Michigan psychology graduate student.In other words, we humans are not very good at distinguishing the seriousness of a cough or sniffle by the sound of it. In fact, the study found that the more disgusting a person perceived the sound to be, the more likely they were to believe the sound came from an infected person, regardless of whether it did.Previous research has indicated people can accurately diagnose infection in others using other senses, like sight and smell.The research is based on four studies that had participants judge whether a cough or sneeze sound came from people infected with a communicable (easily spread) disease or not. On average, participants guessed four out of ten sounds correctly.“Moreover, there was no evidence that accuracy improved when participants knew the true number of infectious sounds in advance or when participants focused on how clear or disgusting they perceived the sounds,” Michalak said. “Despite this poor overall accuracy, perceivers consistently reported reasonable certainty in their judgments.”The study’s authors theorized that people have a belief that a sound that disgusts them is likely to represent a disease threat - this could lead them to exhibit biases to avoid interactions with others who make disgusting but noninfectious noises, according to Mickalak.The study’s co-authors are Oliver Sng, assistant professor of psychological science at UC-Irvine, and U-M graduate student Iris Wang and U-M associate professor of psychology Joshua Ackerman.Read the full study here. 2150

As survivors describe the terror-filled moments after a student opened fire at Santa Fe High School, killing 10 people, stories of heroism are coming to light.One of them is about Christian "Riley" Garcia, a student who showed remarkable courage and selflessness during the shooting.Garcia, 15, died Friday while blocking an art classroom door to keep other students safe from the gunshots, said the family's pastor, Keenan Smith."He was holding the door shut when the shooter was trying to gain access into that art room ... the shooter shot through the door, taking his (Garcia's) life," Smith told CNN. But Garcia succeeded in holding the shooter back long enough to allow other students to escape out a back exit to safety.The pastor said he was with Garcia's family Friday night when other students told officials that the teen had saved their lives."He was against the door trying to help his teacher, trying to help another student, and trying to shield the others there," Smith said."That's not what's supposed to happen to a 15-year-old's life that he has to make those decisions. But he made them without even thinking about it, because it was his heart. This is who he was as an individual."Smith who baptized Garcia, described him as a fun-loving kid who loved football and enjoyed being outdoors. He hopes Garcia's brave sacrifice will bring some comfort to his family."This doesn't ease the pain any. It doesn't stop the void that will forever be there, but it does bring a measure of peace," he said.Even though all the victims of the massacre have been identified, Garcia's family has not yet been able to see his body."They (Garcia's family) are praying and hoping that they will be able to be reunited with him and see their son," Smith said.Garcia and his family attended nearby Crosby Church, which held a memorial service Monday night for the slain teen. 1888

AUSTIN, Texas (AP) — The Austin City Council has voted to cut one-third of the city's 4 million police budget amid national calls for "defunding" law enforcement in favor of spending more money on social services. Council members voted unanimously Thursday to reallocate just over 0 million in the 2021 fiscal budget to social services. That budget starts Oct. 1. Of that, million will fund community resources including response to the coronavirus pandemic, mental health aid programs, victim services, and food, housing, and abortion access in October. Approximately million will be redistributed to similar city services over the year. Another million will be spent on alternative forms of public safety and community support. 755

Australian scientists are searching for the remnants of a meteor which burned spectacularly across the sky in Perth Tuesday night.The unusual phenomenon was caught on camera by multiple spectators, and described as a "fireball" on social media.Curtin University professor Phil Bland told CNN it was "almost certainly" a chunk of asteroid coming through the atmosphere, an event which he said occurs only a couple of times a year. 437

As novel coronavirus cases soar across the country, states are struggling to keep up with the demand for testing. Some states are reporting big backlogs and difficulty getting tests.“We need to actually continue doing a bunch of work in America to figure out additional approaches to do testing,” said Dr. Bob Kocher.Dr. Kocher is the former co-chair of California's Testing Task Force. The state formed the team back in March to figure out how to get everyone tested. Back then, they were struggling to do 2,000 tests a day. Now, they're doing more than 100,000 a day.“California, and most states, had giant shortages of the world’s most expensive Q-tips, called swabs, that you need to collect the samples and the people who make them couldn’t make more of them,” Dr. Kocher explained. “We worked with companies to 3-D print them and to source those from other places in the world and buy them and bring them to California.”They worked to find labs that could do high-capacity testing and expanded the number of testing sites. But as cases increased across the state and nation, five months into the pandemic, testing turnaround time is an issue.“It’s something I’m concerned about as demand for testing grows everywhere in the country and on the earth, the labs are going to sporadically have backlogs, and over time, they could have backlogs because it’s hard to make more supply of the test,” Dr. Kocher said.Dr. Kocher says it depends on where the test is sent. Some labs have backlogs and it’s a logistics issue. If the lab your test site is using is in another part of the country, it'll likely take longer to get results.In a statement, Quest Diagnostics said, "We are grappling with surging demand that is outpacing capacity. This is due to surging cases of COVID-19 across much of the United States, particularly the West, Southwest and South. We have a prioritization program to help direct testing to patients most in need. Our turnaround time for priority one patients is 1 day on average."In a recent press conference, California's Health and Human Services Agency Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly said supply chain challenges forced the state to prioritize who gets tested first.“Surges across the nation have created challenges of getting tests processed, not just collected, and ensuring our guidelines not only say who needs to be tested but give guidance to labs on which specimens to process first,” Dr. Kocher said.Right now, priority means those who are hospitalized, healthcare workers, first responders, social service employees, those who are 65 and older and those with chronic medical conditions. But, we simply need more tests.“The challenge with COVID-19 is that each person infects two, three more people and that leads to exponential growth of people who are infected and exponential growth in demand for testing,” Dr. Kocher said. “The companies who manufacture tests have been extraordinary scaling up their capacity to manufacture tests they can grow them by 10, 30 maybe a 100 percent, but the demand for COVID testing is growing 1,000 percent.”The American Clinical Laboratory Association which represents Quest and other labs released a statement saying many labs are getting more test orders than they're able to process in a single day.In a statement, the company said, "We can’t do it alone. Laboratories, diagnostic manufacturers, ordering providers, public health officials, states and importantly, the federal government – including Congress and the Administration – all have a role to play in addressing the challenges hampering our nation’s response to this public health crisis."The test, Dr. Kocher says, only tells you if you're infectious at the time you were tested. It's yet another hurdle for states to tackle."So, we need to figure out what is the mechanism to test people at the right frequency to make us all safe and fell confident in going to work, school, nursing home or being an essential worker,” he said. “It’s really important.”Figuring out what that looks like means looking at new technologies, getting the government involved and working on our manufacturing sector so we have more tests and fewer logistical problems as we consistently try to keep up with the virus that seems to be one step ahead of us all. 4276

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