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WASHINGTON, Dec. 12 (Xinhua) -- British scientists have discovered a new way to target cancer through manipulating a master switch responsible for cancer cell growth. The findings, published Monday in the U.S. journal Cancer Cell, reveal how cancer cells grow faster by producing their own blood vessels.Cancer cells gain the nutrients they need by producing proteins that make blood vessels grow, helping deliver oxygen and sugars to the tumor. These proteins are vascular growth factors like VEGF -- the target for the anti-cancer drug Avastin. Making these proteins requires the slotting together of different parts of genes, a process called splicing.Scientists at the University of West England and the University of Bristol discovered that mutations in one specific cancer gene can control how splicing is balanced, allowing a master switch in the cell to be turned on. This master switch of splicing makes cancer cells grow faster, and blood vessels to grow more quickly, as they alter how VEGFs are put together.In experimental models, the researchers found that by using new drugs that block this master switch they prevented blood vessel growth and stopped the growth of cancers."The research clearly demonstrates that it may be possible to block tumor growth by targeting and manipulating alternative splicing in patients, adding to the increasingly wide armory of potential anti-cancer therapies," the authors said.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- The Rockefeller University confirmed Monday its Canadian-born cell biologist Ralph Steinman died three days before being awarded the Nobel Prize on Monday as the Nobel committee was unaware of his death at the time."Steinman passed away on September 30," the New York university said in a statement."He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design."The Nobel committee was unaware of Steinman's death when announcing this year's winners and it was unclear whether the prize would be rescinded because Nobel statutes don't allow posthumous award."The Rockefeller University is delighted that the Nobel Foundation has recognized Ralph Steinman for his seminal discoveries concerning the body's immune responses," says Rockefeller University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne."But the news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago after a long battle with cancer. Our thoughts are with Ralph's wife, children and family.""We are all so touched that our father's many years of hard work are being recognized with a Nobel Prize," says Steinman's daughter Alexis. "He devoted his life to his work and his family, and he would be truly honored.""Ralph's research has laid the foundation for numerous discoveries in the critically important field of immunology, and it has led to innovative new approaches in how we treat cancer, infectious diseases and disorders of the immune system," Tessier-Lavigne says.Steinman, who discovered the immune system's sentinel dendritic cells, is this year's recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He shares half the prize with Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffmann.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- A recent study found that low vitamin D levels are significantly more prevalent in obese children and are associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes. This study was accepted for publication in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.High rates of vitamin D deficiency have been found in obese populations and past studies have linked low vitamin D levels to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. But the mechanisms by which obesity and its comorbidities are related to vitamin D deficiency are not fully known.This new study examined associations between vitamin D levels and dietary habits in obese children, and tested whether there were correlations between vitamin D levels and markers of abnormal glucose metabolism and blood pressure.In this study, researchers measured vitamin D levels, blood sugar levels, serum insulin, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in 411 obese subjects and 87 control non-overweight subjects. Study participants were also asked to provide dietary information including daily intake of soda, juice and milk, average daily fruit and vegetable intake, and whether or not they routinely skipped breakfast. BMI is a measurement of body fat calculated from weight and height."Our study found that obese children with lower vitamin D levels had higher degrees of insulin resistance," said Micah Olson, of The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas and lead author of the study. "Although our study cannot prove causation, it does suggest that low vitamin D levels may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.""Poor dietary habits such as skipping breakfast and increased soda and juice intake were associated with the lower vitamin D levels seen in obese children," said Olson. "Future studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of lower vitamin D levels in obese children ... and whether treatment with vitamin D can improve primary clinical endpoints such as insulin resistance. "

SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- The United States Patent and Trademark Office on Thursday published a patent application from Apple related to face and presence detection for iOS devices, which is expected to be one of the next chapters for mobile security.According to AppleInsider, a news and rumor website focusing on Apple, the patent is entitled "low threshold face recognition" which is a low-computation solution for quickly and accurately recognizing a user on iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch and MacBook.Patently Apple, a blog focusing on Apple's latest intellectual properties, said that iOS devices would acknowledge the presence of the potential user by turning on the display and then trigger a subsequent process for recognizing the potential user's face.Currently, most face recognition systems tend to be robust ones working in various lighting conditions, orientations, scale and etc., which will require computing resources and drain battery life. There are also security-type face recognition systems working under controlled lighting conditions which could be ineffective due to factors like proximity of the user to the camera.Google's latest Android 4.0 operating system, codenamed Ice Cream Sandwich, already features face detection. But it is reported that the feature doesn't always work and can be bypassed by using a photograph of the phone's owner.Apple's solution would reduce the impact of lighting conditions and biometric distortions on an image, said AppleInsider, citing the filing. Apple said it would rely on a "high information portion" of a human face, such as eyes, mouth or the tip of a user 's nose.The "likely presence" of a human face in front of the camera would be captured through an "orange-distance filter" which would also be used to detect the potential user's skin tone and measure the distance of their face from the camera.Meanwhile, iOS devices could also be set to recognize faces of multiple users, presenting each user with a personalized configuration.According to AppleInsider, the patent application was first filed by Apple in June, 2009.Analysts said that the proposed technology could be Apple's next big innovation as it has record of redesign and give its unique appeal to products that have not caught on with the general public.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- The use of two drugs never tried in combination before in ovarian cancer resulted in a 70 percent destruction of cancer cells already resistant to commonly used chemotherapy agents, say researchers at Mayo Clinic in Florida.Their report, published on-line Wednesday in Gynecologic Oncology, suggests that this combination, ixabepilone and sunitinib, might offer a much needed treatment option for women with advanced ovarian cancer.Neither drug is approved for use in ovarian cancer. Ixabepilone is a chemotherapy drug that, like other taxane drugs, targets the microtubules and stops dividing cells from forming a spindle. It has been approved for use in metastatic breast cancer. Sunitinib, approved for use in kidney cancer, belongs to a class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that stops growth signals from reaching inside cancer cells.When caught at late stages, ovarian cancer is often fatal because it progressively stops responding to the chemotherapy drugs used to treat it."Women die from ovarian cancer because their tumors become resistant to chemotherapy, so a drug that might be able to reduce that resistance -- which may be what this combination of agents is doing -- would be a boon to treatment of this difficult cancer," says study coauthor Gerardo Colon-Otero.The finding also highlights the importance of the role of a molecule, RhoB, that the researchers say is activated by the drug duo. It might be a potential biomarker that may help identify patients who might benefit from such combination therapy, the researchers say.

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