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CANBERRA, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Managing other people at work triggers structural changes in the brain, protecting its memory and learning center well into old age, Australia's study revealed on Friday.Australia's University of New South Wales (UNSW) researchers have, for the first time, identified a clear link between managerial experience throughout a person's working life, and the integrity and larger size of an individual's hippocampus (the area of the brain responsible for learning and memory) at the age of 80. "We found a clear relationship between the number of employees a person may have supervised or been responsible for and the size of the hippocampus," Dr Michael Valenzuela, Leader of Regenerative Neuroscience in UNSW's School of Psychiatry, said in a statement released on Friday."This could be linked to the unique mental demands of managing people, which requires continuous problem solving, short term memory and a lot of emotional intelligence, such as the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes. Over time this could translate into the structural brain changes we observed."The findings confirmed that staying mentally active promotes brain health, potentially warding off neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.Using MRI imagery in a cohort of 75-92 year-olds, researchers found larger hippocampal volumes in those with managerial experience compared to those without. The effect was also seen in women who had taken on managerial roles in nursing or teaching, for example.The study was presented at this week's Brain Sciences UNSW symposium Brain Plasticity The Adaptable Brain, held in Australia.

BEIJING, June 21 (Xinhua) -- China will launch a new icebreaker for use during an upcoming 2013 polar expedition, a senior oceanic official said on Tuesday.Both the new icebreaker and Xuelong ("Snow Dragon"), an icebreaker that operated in Antarctica, will form an Arctic-Antarctic maritime research team."China will have at least two icebreakers concurrently operating at both the north and south poles," Chen Lianzeng, deputy director of the State Oceanic Administration, told a national conference on polar research, which has been the first since 1984 when the country started expeditions in polar regions.The new icebreaker will boast facilities that will allow it to research the oceanic environment, integrate data for real-time oceanic monitoring, deploy and retrieve detectors and conduct aerial studies using helicopters, Chen said.The two icebreakers will conduct expeditions in polar regions for more than 200 days annually, he said.Fixed-wing aircraft will also be added to the expedition team before 2015, allowing researchers to be transported between China's Zhongshan and Kunlun research stations and Antarctica's Grove Mountains.The Kunlun station went into operation in early 2009 as the first Chinese research station on Antarctica's inland. The Zhongshan station, established in 1989, now serves as a supply base for the Kunlun station.A written comment by Vice Premier Li Keqiang sent to the conference said the polar research, a magnificent feat of the mankind, has great significance for China's oceanic work and sustainable development."Over the past two decades, China's polar research made great achievements and became influential globally," Li said.Li encouraged Chinese scientists to actively participate in international exchanges and cooperation, safeguard national interests and contribute to the peaceful use of polar regions.Since the early 1980s, China has sent 27 Antarctic expedition teams and completed four research missions to the Arctic Ocean.Besides the Xuelong icebreaker, China has built three Antarctic stations -- Changcheng (Great Wall), Zhongshan and Kunlun -- and one Arctic station -- Huanghe (Yellow River) Station.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Social networking giant Facebook on Tuesday announced that it has bought Push Pop Press, a digital publishing company that develops the technology to help make interactive books optimized for iPad and other Apple devices."We're thrilled to confirm that we've acquired Push Pop Press, a startup whose groundbreaking software changes the way people publish and consume digital content," Facebook said in a statement.Push Pop Press was co-founded by Mike Matas and Kimon Tsinteris, both former Apple employees, and was known for teaming up with former U.S. vice president Al Gore to create a digital version of his book "Our Choice"."Although Facebook isn't planning to start publishing digital books, the ideas and technology behind Push Pop Press will be integrated with Facebook, giving people even richer ways to share their stories," Push Pop Press said in a statement posted on its website."With millions of people publishing to Facebook each day, we think it's going to be a great home for Push Pop Press," the statement added.Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed by the two companies.

WASHINGTON, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of small genetic variations are associated with autism spectrum disorders, including an area of DNA that may be a key to understanding why humans are social animals, according to a multi-site collaborative study led by researchers at Yale University.To be published Thursday in the journal Neuron, the study reinforces the theory that autism, a disorder that develops in early childhood involving impairments in social interaction, language deficits and distinctive behaviors, is not caused by one or two major genetic defects, but by many small variations, each associated with a small percentage of cases.The study looked at more than 1,000 families in which there was a single child with an autism spectrum disorder, an unaffected sibling and unaffected parents. The team compared individuals with autism to their siblings to determine what types of genetic changes distinguished the affected child from the unaffected child.One of the most intriguing of these findings points to the same small section of the genome that causes Williams syndrome -- a developmental disorder marked by high sociability and an unusual aptitude for music.In autism, there is an increase in the chromosomal material, an extra copy of this region, and in Williams syndrome, there's a loss of that same material," said lead author Matthew State. "What makes this observation particularly interesting is that Williams syndrome is known for a personality type that is highly empathetic, social, and sensitive to the emotional state of others. Individuals with autism often have difficulties in the opposite direction. This suggests that there is an important key in that region to understanding the nature of the social brain."State and his team also found about 30 other regions in the genome that are very likely contributing to autism and are focused on about six of those regions that showed the strongest evidence."We're now moving on to a second phase of the study looking at an additional 1,600 families and should be able to identify multiple new regions that are strongly implicated in autism," he said.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 17 (Xinhua) -- A new research released on Friday shows that smartphone users in the United States are consuming more data than ever, growing by 89 percent in the first quarter on a year-over-year basis.According to data from marketing company Nielsen, the amount of data the average smartphone user consumes per month is 435 Megabytes (MB) in the first quarter of 2011, compared with 230 MB in the same period last year.As for the distribution of data consumption, data usage for the top 10 percent of smartphone users is up 109 percent while the top 1 percent has grown their usage by 155 percent from 1.8 Gigabytes (GB) in the first quarter of 2010 to over 4.6 GB this year.The research said consumers with iPhones and Android smartphones consume the most data, which is driven by app-friendly operating systems like Apple's iOS and Google's Android. Windows Phone 7 users doubled their usage over the fourth quarter of 2010 and the first quarter of 2011, perhaps due to growth in the number of applications available.Meanwhile, the cost per MB for smartphones has dropped by 46 percent over the last year, from 14 cents per MB to 8 cents, said the research.According to Internet marketing research company comScore, in the first quarter of 2011, 234 million Americans ages 13 and older used mobile devices, 74,6 million of whom are smartphone users.