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CANBERRA, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Managing other people at work triggers structural changes in the brain, protecting its memory and learning center well into old age, Australia's study revealed on Friday.Australia's University of New South Wales (UNSW) researchers have, for the first time, identified a clear link between managerial experience throughout a person's working life, and the integrity and larger size of an individual's hippocampus (the area of the brain responsible for learning and memory) at the age of 80. "We found a clear relationship between the number of employees a person may have supervised or been responsible for and the size of the hippocampus," Dr Michael Valenzuela, Leader of Regenerative Neuroscience in UNSW's School of Psychiatry, said in a statement released on Friday."This could be linked to the unique mental demands of managing people, which requires continuous problem solving, short term memory and a lot of emotional intelligence, such as the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes. Over time this could translate into the structural brain changes we observed."The findings confirmed that staying mentally active promotes brain health, potentially warding off neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.Using MRI imagery in a cohort of 75-92 year-olds, researchers found larger hippocampal volumes in those with managerial experience compared to those without. The effect was also seen in women who had taken on managerial roles in nursing or teaching, for example.The study was presented at this week's Brain Sciences UNSW symposium Brain Plasticity The Adaptable Brain, held in Australia.

BEIJING, Aug. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- The United Nations is warning authorities to be on high alert of bird flu as the virus appears to be returning.The UN Food and Agriculture Organization said in a statement Monday a mutant strain is spreading across parts of Asia, and there could be a spill-over to humans.However, it said at this stage, there's no need for any alarm.A mutant strain of H5N1, which can apparently sidestep defenses of existing vaccines, is spreading in China and Vietnam, it said.It said the variant of the virus appears able to side step Vaccines.The UN is concerned the new form of the virus could spread to Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia, as well as the Korean Peninsula and Japan."Wild birds may introduce the virus, but people's actions in poultry production and marketing spread it," said FAO's chief veterinary office Juan Lubroth in urging greater preparedness and surveillance, according to media reports.Outbreaks of the virus peaked in 2006 before it was eradicated from most countries.

WASHINGTON, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of small genetic variations are associated with autism spectrum disorders, including an area of DNA that may be a key to understanding why humans are social animals, according to a multi-site collaborative study led by researchers at Yale University.To be published Thursday in the journal Neuron, the study reinforces the theory that autism, a disorder that develops in early childhood involving impairments in social interaction, language deficits and distinctive behaviors, is not caused by one or two major genetic defects, but by many small variations, each associated with a small percentage of cases.The study looked at more than 1,000 families in which there was a single child with an autism spectrum disorder, an unaffected sibling and unaffected parents. The team compared individuals with autism to their siblings to determine what types of genetic changes distinguished the affected child from the unaffected child.One of the most intriguing of these findings points to the same small section of the genome that causes Williams syndrome -- a developmental disorder marked by high sociability and an unusual aptitude for music.In autism, there is an increase in the chromosomal material, an extra copy of this region, and in Williams syndrome, there's a loss of that same material," said lead author Matthew State. "What makes this observation particularly interesting is that Williams syndrome is known for a personality type that is highly empathetic, social, and sensitive to the emotional state of others. Individuals with autism often have difficulties in the opposite direction. This suggests that there is an important key in that region to understanding the nature of the social brain."State and his team also found about 30 other regions in the genome that are very likely contributing to autism and are focused on about six of those regions that showed the strongest evidence."We're now moving on to a second phase of the study looking at an additional 1,600 families and should be able to identify multiple new regions that are strongly implicated in autism," he said.

BEIJING, Sept. 2 (Xinhuanet) -- Firefighters who worked in the wreckage of the World Trade Center in 2001 were 19 percent more likely to develop cancer than those who were not there, according to a study.The study, published Thursday in the British medical journal The Lancet, surveyed cancer occurrence in nearly 10,000 male firefighters in the seven years after Sept. 11, 2001. (There were too few women to create a meaningful sample size.)The 9/11 attacks occurred on Tuesday, Sept. 11, 2001. As a result, the World Trade Center collapsed, and nearly 3,000 Americans killed. Among the 2,753 victims killed in the World Trade Center were 343 firefighters.There were 263 cancer cases in the exposed population, showing a cancer rate 19 percent higher than that of the group not exposed.The study indicated that cancers like melanoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, thyroid and prostate cancer occurred more frequently among exposed firefighters than in the general population. But occurrences of lung cancer did not increase.The findings “provide information that there may be a significant cancer risk for these people”, said Dr. James Melius, the administrator of the New York State Laborers’ Health and Safety Trust Fund and one of the peer reviewers of the study.But the results were far from conclusive. “This is not an epidemic,” said Dr. David J. Prezant, a lead researcher and the chief medical officer for the New York Fire Department.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 22 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. has been awarded a long sought-after patent for touch screen functionality on portable devices, a set of exclusive rights expected to play into its current litigation against its counterparts in the mobile device market, U.S. media reported on Wednesday."A computer-implemented method, for use in conjunction with a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display, comprises displaying a portion of page content, including a frame displaying a portion of frame content and also including other content of the page, on the touch screen display," the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent abstract reads.Apple filed for the patent in December, 2007.Apple's patent essentially gives it ownership of the capacitive multitouch interface the company pioneered with its iPhone, on- line computer magazine PCMag quoted a source who has been involved in intellectual property litigation on similar matters as saying.The latest patent could produce a new round of lawsuits over the now-ubiquitous multitouch interfaces used in smartphones made by the likes of HTC, Samsung, Motorola, Research in Motion, Nokia, and others that run operating systems similar in nature to Apple's iOS, like Google's Android, said the patent expert.Apple has not immediately responded to request for comment on whether it will use the latest patent against competitors.Apple is currently involved in several patent-related battles with other companies. Nokia sued Apple in October 2009 for allegedly infringing patents the Finnish phone maker owns related to wireless handsets.Apple countersued Nokia in December 2009, accusing Nokia of infringing 13 Apple patents related to the iPhone. Nokia lodged a complaint later with the U.S. International Trade Commission, charging Apple of infringing seven Nokia patents "in virtually all of its mobile phones, portable music players and computers."Last Monday, Nokia said Apple had agreed to pay the Finnish company a license fee to settle all patent litigation between the two. Industry watchers said Nokia is likely to get around 608 million U.S. dollars from Apple.This April, Apple filed a lawsuit against Samsung, alleging that the Korean consumer electronics company has violated Apple's intellectual property in the design of its mobile devices, such as iPhone and iPad.Samsung later sued Apple separately in Asia, Europe and the United States, accusing Apple of infringing Samsung's 10 patents related to mobile phones.