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SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — Authorities are using a powerful tool in their effort to identify the scores of people killed by the wildfire that ripped through Northern California: rapid DNA testing that produces results in just two hours.The system can analyze DNA from bone fragments or other remains, then match it to genetic material provided by relatives of the missing. But the technology depends on people coming forward to give a DNA sample via a cheek swab, and so far, there are not nearly as many volunteers as authorities had hoped for.As of Tuesday, nearly two weeks after the inferno devastated the town of Paradise and surrounding areas, the number of confirmed dead stood at 79, and the sheriff's list of those unaccounted for had about 700 names.But only about 60 people had provided samples to pop-up labs at the Butte County Sheriff's office in Oroville and an old Sears building in Chico, where the Federal Emergency Management Agency set up a disaster relief center, said Annette Mattern, a spokeswoman for ANDE, the Longmont, Colorado, company that is donating the technology."We need hundreds," Mattern said. "We need a big enough sample for us to make a positive ID on these and to also give a better idea of how many losses there actually are."Confusion and conflicting information, the inability of relatives to travel to Northern California and mistrust of the government may be contributing to the low number.Tara Quinones hadn't heard anything from her uncle, David Marbury, for eight days before she drove north from the San Francisco Bay Area to give a sample Friday. A worker used a small tool to scrape her cheek, took three swabs of skin and asked her detailed questions about who she was looking for and their relationship.The uncle's landlord confirmed his house burned down with his vehicle still in the garage, but Quinones had no idea if any remains were found. Marbury's name keeps going on and off the ever-changing list of the missing."I did it just to be proactive," Quinones said Monday. "This is the one way I could contribute to helping find my uncle."Some of those who have given DNA came forward, like Quinones, after learning about the identification effort in their desperate search for a loved one, others after the sheriff's office called to say that remains that probably belonged to a family member had been found.Mattern declined to say Tuesday how many victims ANDE's technology has helped identify. Sheriff Kory Honea's office did not immediately respond to requests for comment.The fire was 70 percent contained Tuesday. Rain in the forecast for Wednesday through Thanksgiving weekend could aid in fighting the fire but could also bring flash floods and complicate efforts to recover remains.Once DNA is extracted from the remains, it is placed in a vial that goes into a black machine that looks like a bulky computer printer. It takes just two hours to process the material and get a DNA profile; traditional methods can take days or weeks. If a relative's DNA is already in the system, a match will pop up right away.Mattern said it has been surprisingly easy to get DNA from remains, despite the devastating damage done by the flames."We went in with pretty measured expectations, we didn't know what we were walking into," she said. "We have a tremendous database now of the victims of the fire."Ruth Dickover, director of the forensic science graduate program at the University of California-Davis, said that scientists have long been able to extract DNA from bone — a process that involves pulverizing the bone — but things can become more complicated if the remains of multiple people are mixed together."What's left may not give you a nice beautiful profile," she said.ANDE won a contract in 2009 to do research and development for federal agencies, and the company's technology has been used in pilot programs for several years. Over the summer, it won FBI approval for use in accredited labs. Law enforcement agencies in Utah, New York and Miami have used the technology, as has the military.This is the first time ANDE has helped identify victims after a natural disaster. The company has donated seven machines and about a dozen workers to the effort.Sarah Warren drove an hour and a half from Redding on Monday to report her uncle, Devan Ruel, as missing. The sheriff's office gave her a number to call about missing people, and when she called, she was told authorities would contact her if they needed her DNA, she said.She said no one told her about the collection desk at the old Sears, so she returned home without providing one."I could have done that so easily, just to be safe," she said.Warren hadn't talked to Ruel in about eight years and said the family did not have an address for him."He was just an off-the-grid type of guy," she said. "If he did perish that way it would be horrific. It deeply, deeply saddens me to even consider that being a possibility."Mattern said the sheriff's office is looking for a way to make it easier for families who don't live in Northern California to provide samples. And in hopes of easing fears that the DNA will be misused, the sheriff's office and the company gave assurances it will be deleted once it is no longer needed. 5251

RICHMOND, Va. — There has been a major drop in the number of people behind bars in the U.S. An analysis by The Marshall Project and The Associated Press found that between March and June, more than 100,000 people were released from state and federal prisons. That's a drop of 8%. By comparison, the Vera Institute of Justice found that for all of 2019, the state and federal prison population fell by 2.2%. As the U.S. struggles with the coronavirus, prison reform advocates are urging releases to halt its spread in correctional facilities. But their release, and how they behave when they’re out, is likely to affect the larger criminal justice reform movement. 671

RICHMOND, Va. (AP) — Jerry Falwell Jr. has agreed to take an indefinite leave of absence from his role as president and chancellor of Liberty University. That's according to a one-sentence statement the private Virginia university issued Friday. The statement said the Executive Committee of Liberty's board of trustees, acting on behalf of the full Board, met Friday and request that Falwell take leave, "to which he has agreed, effective immediately.""The Executive Committee of Liberty University’s Board of Trustees, acting on behalf of the full Board, met today and requested that Jerry Falwell, Jr. take an indefinite leave of absence from his roles as President and Chancellor of Liberty University, to which he has agreed, effective immediately," the statement read.Falwell Jr.'s leave of absence comes in the wake of a photo he posted on Instagram of himself and a woman, not his wife, with both of their pants unzipped while on his yacht, CNN reported.Falwell has served as president of the Lynchburg university his father founded since 2007. 1060

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — The enthusiasm both parties say exists in the electorate hasn't yet translated into early voting in California, where the percentage of people who have voted so far is similar to this time four years ago.Voters who are Republican, white and older are sending in their ballots early at a higher rate, which is typical in California elections, said Paul Mitchell of Political Data Inc., a firm that collects voter data from the counties.About 570,000 Californians had cast ballots as of early Monday. That's about 100,000 more than voted at this point in the 2014 election. About 12.5 million people received mail-in ballots, compared to 9.2 million four years ago.RELATED: What you need to know about voting this NovemberThe early numbers are just a fraction of the total voters expected to cast ballots by mail. California voters can send in their ballots through Election Day, on Nov. 6, and ballots are counted as long as they are received by the Friday after the election.In 2014 roughly 4.5 million people cast mail ballots."Right now it's hard to tell exactly how much we're measuring enthusiasm and how much we're measuring changes in the mechanics of the elections," Mitchell said.Monday is the deadline to register to vote, although people can register conditionally through Election Day. Their ballots will be treated like provisional ballots that are counted after the voter information is verified.Statewide, Republicans count for just a quarter of registered voters. But they make up 34 percent of early voters.RELATED: See your sample ballot for the November 2018 electionEighty percent of already returned mail ballots are from voters older than 50, even though they make up only about half of the electorate.Democrats need strong turnout to win U.S. House seats in Orange County and the Central Valley that have long been held by Republicans. They're banking on increased enthusiasm among voters angry at President Donald Trump or concerned about issues such as health care and immigration to drive turnout."For Democrats to win these competitive congressional races they need atypical," Mitchell said.Drew Godinich, a spokesman for the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, said Latinos and young voters are "outpacing expectations" in key districts and that it's too early to jump to conclusions about turnout."In these tight races, every vote counts — and Democrats have been organizing since last year to turn out our voters in these crucial midterms," he said in a statement.More than 19 million people registered to vote as of early September, a record in a California gubernatorial election.Mitchell predicts a 56 percent voter turnout. That would be higher than the 2014 election but lower than 2010. 2774

Right now there is a mystery taking place over the Southwest United States.Hundreds of thousands of birds have been found dead since the beginning of September, according to wildlife experts in New Mexico and Colorado, where some of the most have been reported.“[It’s] really strange. Literally, birds dropping out of the sky type of thing,” said Alison Holloran, the executive director Audubon Rockies. “I actually got emails from Texas and New Mexico as well, where they’re also seeing larger numbers of die-offs.”The crowdsourcing website inaturalist.org has become a spot for people to post pictures of birds they have found as a way to provide more information to biologists and wildlife experts working to figure out why this is happening.The site reports more than 1,000 incidents have been reported involving 191 different bird species.“This is a very strange event,” said Travis Duncan, a spokesman with Colorado Parks and Wildlife. “Heavy smoke from the wildfires may have played a part in creating navigation challenges for the birds.”Duncan says biologists are still performing necropsies to determine a cause, but he says all signs point to a combination of the wildfires raging across the western United States and an early-season cold front at the beginning of September that brought snow and freezing temperatures to parts of the Midwest and Southwest.Duncan says it may have caused the birds’ main food source, which is insects, to die off, forcing these birds to migrate without enough fat and weight to keep them safe once the cold front hit.“This is a web of life. You pull one little string and the whole rope is going to move,” said Holloran. 1672

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