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WASHINGTON, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Friday approved Erwinaze to treat patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who have developed an allergy to E. coli derived asparaginase and pegapargase chemotherapy drugs used to treat ALL.Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. White blood cells help the body fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow.Erwinaze is injected directly into the muscle three times a week and works by breaking down one of the body's protein building blocks (the amino acid, asparagine) that is present in the blood, and is necessary for the growth of all cells. Leukemia cells cannot produce this protein building block. When a patient is treated with Erwinaze the leukemia cells die. Normal human cells are able to make enough asparagine for their own needs through biosynthesis and will not be affected by treatment with Erwinaze."The approval of Erwinaze underscores the FDA's commitment to the approval of drugs for conditions with limited patient populations with unmet medical needs using novel trial endpoints," said Richard Pazdur, director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.Side effects associated with Erwinaze treatment include serious allergic reactions, inflammation of the pancreas, high blood levels of liver enzymes, blood clotting, bleeding, nausea, vomiting and high blood sugar.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at St. Michael's Hospital in Canada have discovered a new function for an enzyme that may protect against organ injury and death from anemia, according to a study appearing Monday in the U.S. journal of the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers found that when people have anemia, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) -- an enzyme in nerve cells that produces nitric oxide, an important signaling molecule in the body -- increases the body's ability to respond, adapt to low oxygen levels and makes the body more efficient in delivering oxygen to tissues. They also found that levels of nNOS in the brain increased in anemic mice, and that the mice without this enzyme die earlier, and with higher hemoglobin levels."Identifying this mechanism may lead to new therapies and approaches to improving outcomes for anemic patients," said Dr. Greg Hare, a researcher at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of the hospital and one of the lead investigators of the study.Anemia occurs when blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin -- an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from the lungs and heart to the rest of the body. Cells need oxygen to survive and to produce energy for all bodily functions. The condition has many different causes including infection (malaria, HIV, parasites), nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, B12), genetic mutations, pregnancy, trauma and surgical blood loss."This research will help us identify when an anemic patient is at greatest risk for injury and death when undergoing surgery," said Hare. "Research is underway to test these findings in humans."

SHIJIAZHUANG, Dec. 3 (Xinhua) -- More than 3.48 million people in rural areas of north China's Hebei Province have been given access to safe drinking water this year, a local official said Saturday.Authorities in the province have invested more than 1.7 billion yuan (270 million U.S. dollars) so far in 2011 in building drinking water infrastructure, said Liang Jianyi, deputy director of the Hebei Provincial Department of Water and Resources.More than 32 million rural people in Hebei, especially in mountainous and coastal areas, had long suffered from unsafe water, with problems including high fluorine and alkaline contents, Liang said.From 2005 to 2010, the provincial authorities put almost 6 billion yuan into providing safe drinking water for 13 million rural residents, he added.

BEIJING, Jan. 4 (Xinhua) -- Senior Chinese leader Li Changchun on Wednesday called for more efforts to strengthen the Internet construction and management and promote a healthy online culture.Li, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, made the remarks at a national conference of publicity officials.Li also urged the officials to work and fortify the leading status of Marxism in the country's ideological field, and to provide spiritual support for the economic and social development.Li Changchun (C), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, addresses a national conference of publicity officials in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 4, 2012.The publicity work should help create a favorable environment for the country's efforts to stabilize economic growth, regulate commodity prices, adjust the economic structure, improve people's livelihood, carry forward reform and promote social harmony, Li said.Moreover, Li called for efforts to deepen the reform and promote development in the country's cultural sector.

TEHRAN, Oct. 9 (Xinhua) -- Iran is going to launch domestically- built Navid satellite by Safir satellite launcher by the end of March 2012, the semi-official Mehr news agency reported on Sunday.Navid (promise) is a research satellite and is currently undergoing pre-launch tests, said the report without further details.In June, Iran put the Rasad (surveillance) satellite in the orbit to render images to the country.Iran put a satellite into orbit in 2009 and sent some small animals into space in 2010. It plans to send man into space by 2020.