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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — At least six companies are working on COVID-19 vaccine candidates in San Diego, all within a 1.5-mile radius of where the I-5 and I-805 split.Locally, the farthest along appears to be Inovio Pharmaceuticals, which plans to launch a Phase 2 trial next month, potentially with a simultaneous Phase 3 trial. A Phase 3 trial is the final step in vaccine testing, with thousands of participants.The company is developing the vaccine using a DNA technique that isn’t used in any other vaccines on the market, although some are in the final stages of testing, said Dr. Kate Broderick, who leads Inovio’s vaccine program.To ensure the DNA enters a person’s cells, the company uses a proprietary device about the size of a toothbrush to deliver doses into the skin rather than a needle and syringe. The company announced Tuesday it secured a million grant from the Department of Defense to speed up production of the devices.Just down the street, TriLink Biotechnologies is working with researchers in London on a vaccine candidate that replicates itself in the body. It just started a Phase 1 trial this month.Nearby, Sorrento Therapeutics is working on both a COVID-19 vaccine and a treatment, but it hasn’t advanced yet to human trials. 10News previously featured the company’s efforts, which are based on techniques developed to fight cancer.On the other side of the 805, Arcturus Therapeutics is working with Duke University on a vaccine based on RNA, which acts as a messenger for DNA. There are no vaccines approved for humans that use this RNA approach. Trials are expected to begin in August, according to a tracker by the Milken Institute.UC San Diego is developing a vaccine using plant virus nanotechnology, leveraging an approach that’s used in vaccines against Hepatitis B and shingles. The university is also taking part in research on a COVID treatment.A spokeswoman for San Francisco-based Vir Biotechnology says the company is using its San Diego satellite office to help crunch data for the work on its vaccine, which is a collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).GSK, Janssen, and Pfizer each have vaccine candidates of their own and offices near the 5-805 split, but 10News was not able to immediately confirm if any of those companies were conducting COVID research locally. 2318

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Currently, there are five vaccines that kids in California must get to attend school, and a lot of parents are wondering if the eventual COVID-19 vaccine will be added to that list.A website run by the California Department of Public Health seems to suggest that a change to the state’s immunization requirements may be imminent. In a message titled “COVID-19 Update,” state officials say immunization requirements “remain in place for now. Any updates will be posted here.”But history and medical science suggest it will take time before states make a COVID vaccine mandatory for children, according to Dr. Rahul Gupta, the chief medical and health officer at March of Dimes.SEE ALSO: States have authority to fine or jail people who refuse coronavirus vaccine, attorney saysMarch of Dimes is the non-profit organization that funded the search for a polio vaccine in the 1950s.“We’re seeing a repeat of history in so many ways,” Dr. Gupta said.Fear of the deadly polio virus prompted quarantines, social distancing and a run on breathing machines. In those days, doctors used iron lungs.With funding from March of Dimes, Dr. Jonas Salk launched a massive clinical trial on 1.8 million kids using his experimental vaccine in 1954. Almost exactly a year later, in April 1955, he announced the vaccine was safe and effective.Within days, five million kids got the first dose of Salk’s vaccine. But the State of California did not mandate the polio vaccine for children entering schools for six more years -- in 1961.The most recent vaccine added to California’s required immunization list was for chickenpox in 2000. That was five years after that vaccine became available in the U.S.When a COVID-19 vaccine is ready in the U.S., children will not be among the first inoculated, Dr. Gupta said. Unlike polio, the novel coronavirus tends to spare children from the most severe symptoms.“The supply will require us to make sure that we prioritize the highest risk population, including healthcare workers,” he said.It’s also unclear how children would respond to the COVID-19 vaccine. Current vaccine candidates against the coronavirus are being tested on adults not children, according to CDPH, and children mount different immune responses than adults.Experimental vaccines can also have difficulties in the production process. In the infamous Cutter Incident, one of the six labs licensed to produce the polio vaccine accidentally let live virus slip into the shots, leading to more than 250 cases of polio, including instances of paralysis and deaths.The incident prompted sweeping safety changes in the U.S.Dr. Gupta said the Cutter Incident shows vaccines need to be rolled out carefully.“We have to understand that that’s a process and we learn as we go along,” he said. “There could be some adverse events that happen from any drug, much less a vaccine that you take. Foods give you allergies. It’s not an unknown side effect.”State officials could a new vaccine to California’s mandatory list by passing a bill or through a regulation issued by CDPH.The process can often take years, but CDPH said in an emergency the process could be “greatly accelerated.” 3189

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As states continue to count votes, one thing is clear: the pre-election polls were off again.Pollsters underestimated support for President Donald Trump by a wider margin than they did in 2016, prompting a number of theories about what went wrong and why changes adopted after the 2016 election proved ineffective.Heading into Election Day 2020, candidate Joe Biden led Trump nationally by an average of 8.4%, according to FiveThirtyEight’s polling average. We won’t know the final margin until all the votes are counted, but it looks like Trump’s support was underestimated by about 3.5%.That’s wider than the national popular vote miss in 2016, when the polls underestimated Trump’s support by 1.1%.“Polling emerged from 2016 with a black eye. This is fair to say a second black eye in 2020,” said Jay Leve of polling firm SurveyUSA.Leve said the industry thought it had corrected its 2016 mistakes. Polling in the 2018 midterms was very accurate.In 2020, pollsters made sure to weigh for education level and include enough non-college-educated white voters to try to capture a representative sample of the electorate.But state polls show it didn’t work. In Ohio, there was a nearly 8-point miss. In Wisconsin, there was a nearly 10-point miss. In Florida, the polls missed by 5 points and incorrectly showed Biden in the lead.“While pollsters attempted to correct for the mistakes that they made in 2016, President Trump was busy hammering home a narrative that, number one, the media is the enemy of the people. And number two, polls are fake polls,” Leve said.Leve thinks that skepticism and distrust caused Trump supporters to ignore pollsters at a higher rate, causing them to be underrepresented in samples.San Diego State political scientist Dr. Stephen Goggin says there are other theories as well.“Between mail-in balloting, the pandemic, between all the early voting and all the confusion it creates, it’s possible some of that played a role in creating the error we saw this time,” he said.Goggin said the pandemic may have made the models used to predict voter turnout less accurate this cycle. Many surveys heading into the election showed an unusual trend: Biden was polling better among so-called “likely voters” than among registered voters overall. Typically Republicans hold an edge among likely voters, Nate Cohn of the New York Times noted.There’s also some early data suggesting once the pandemic hit, Democrats started responding to surveys more frequently, something that could have shifted the poll numbers.There may have also been issues surveying certain demographic groups. Pre-election polls showed Biden chipping away at Trump’s lead with seniors compared to 2016, but Biden actually did worse than Clinton with that demographic in certain key states. Trump’s support among Hispanic voters in Florida also surprised pollsters. If exit polling data shows that trend continued in other states, it might explain about one-quarter of this year’s polling error, according to the New York Times.“Many of these errors are fixable when they find out what went wrong and you can still get high-quality samples,” Goggin said.Pollsters are planning to do detailed autopsies on the election once they have final turnout data and results by precinct. Polling firms will eventually post detailed data from their results to the Roper Center for more finely tuned analysis.ABC 10News used SurveyUSA this election cycle to poll 11 state and local races. The final polls accurately predicted the winner in all 11 races, although the margins weren’t perfect.The ABC 10News/Union-Tribune scientific polls actually overestimated Trump’s support in California by about 4 points, relative to vote totals as of November 12. 3757

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - At least two people suffered major burns in a boat fire off the coast of San Diego late Saturday night, according to Coast Guard officials.Two patients were critically injured and were flown from the boat by helicopter and have been transported to the hospital. The total number of patients at this time is unknown. The rest are expected to be brought to the shore by boat. The circumstances of the fire and the type of boat are unclear at this time.This is a breaking news story. 10News will update as details become available. 575

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Around San Diego, there are plenty of chances to treat dad to a special freebie or event for Father's Day.San Diego's local Father's Day events celebrate the day for dads with some BBQ fun, with live music and plenty of delicious food.A handful of local eateries will also toss in a freebie along with the meal on Father's Day for dads.Here are a few specials to treat dad to this Father's Day:FoodRuth's Chris Steakhouse: Dads get a gift card if they dine at Ruth's Chris on Father's Day. Also, when buying 0 worth of gift cards, get a bonus gift card.Fogo de Ch?o Brazilian Steakhouse: Dads who eat at Fogo de Ch?o on Father's Day get a complimentary dining card for one full Churrasco lunch, dinner or Sunday brunch on his next visit.Mimi's Cafe: Dads get a free appetizer with purchase of an entree on Father's Day.Wienerschnitzel: Dads get a free old fashioned sundae at Wienerschnitzel restaurants on Father's Day.EventsBelmont Father's Day Fest and Car Show: Check out nearly 200 classic and modern cars, live music, a Father's Day brunch and cornhole tournament, and free activities during Belmont Park's Father's Day celebration.Maritime Museum Father's Day Sail: Sail aboard the Maritime Museum's tall ships, like the "Californian" or "San Salvador," on Father's Day weekend for a three-hour trip around San Diego Bay. Lunch with a drink will be included on the journey.Father's Day BBQ at 10 Barrel Brewing: Celebrate dad at 10 Barrel Brewing's Father's Day BBQ, complete with shuffleboard, games, beer, and a BBQ feast for from Chef Tommy Fraioli. Father's Day Concert and BBQ: The Hotel Del Coronado will hold their annual Father's Day Concert & BBQ to support the Gary Sinise Foundation. The event kicks off with a skydiving show followed by food, drinks, and live music from Gary Sinise & The Lt. Dan Band.Father's Day cruises: Take dad on a Hornblower Father's Day cruise for a two-hour tour of San Diego Bay, a special Father's Day brunch buffet, and live music. Dad also gets a free pint glass.Classic Car Show: Check out Belching Beaver Brewery's 6th annual Classic Car Show in Vista for a day of cars and brews. 2181