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LOS ANGELES, May 12 (Xinhua) -- A subsurface ocean of molten or partially molten magma exists beneath the surface of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Thursday."The finding heralds the first direct confirmation of this kind of magma layer at Io and explains why the moon is the most volcanic object known in the solar system," JPL said in a press release posted on its website.The finding was based on new data analysis from NASA's Galileo spacecraft, said JPL.The research was conducted by scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles; the University of California, Santa Cruz;, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. The study is published this week in the journal Science, JPL said."Scientists are excited we finally understand where Io's magma is coming from and have an explanation for some of the mysterious signatures we saw in some of the Galileo's magnetic field data," said Krishan Khurana, lead author of the study and former co- investigator on Galileo's magnetometer team at UCLA."It turns out Io was continually giving off a 'sounding signal' in Jupiter's rotating magnetic field that matched what would be expected from molten or partially molten rocks deep beneath the surface."Io produces about 100 times more lava each year than all the volcanoes on Earth, according to data released by JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.While Earth's volcanoes occur in localized hotspots like the "Ring of Fire" around the Pacific Ocean, Io's volcanoes are distributed all over its surface, JPL said, adding that a global magma ocean about 30 to 50 km beneath Io's crust helps explain the moon's activity."It has been suggested that both the Earth and its moon may have had similar magma oceans billions of years ago at the time of their formation, but they have long since cooled," said Torrence Johnson, a former Galileo project scientist based at JPL, an affiliation with NASA."Io's volcanism informs us how volcanoes work and provides a window in time to styles of volcanic activity that may have occurred on the Earth and moon during their earliest history," said Johnson, who was not directly involved in the study.NASA's Voyager spacecraft discovered Io's volcanoes in 1979, making that moon the only body in the solar system other than Earth known to have active magma volcanoes. The energy for the volcanic activity comes from the squeezing and stretching of the moon by Jupiter's gravity as Io orbits the largest planet in the solar system.Galileo was launched in 1989 and began orbiting Jupiter in 1995. Unexplained signatures appeared in magnetic field data from Galileo flybys of Io in October 1999 and February 2000. After a successful mission, the spacecraft was intentionally sent into Jupiter's atmosphere in 2003.

BEIJING, May 10 (Xinhuanet) -- America's first full face transplant recipient, Dallas Wiens, made his first public appearance at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, according to media reports Tuesday.Sporting a goatee and dark sunglasses, Wiens, the 25-year-old Fort Worth, Texas, man, said Monday his new face feels natural just weeks after a 15-hour procedure that gave him a nose, lips, skin, muscle and nerves. Wiens said he was able to smell again and breathe through his nose normally, adding his 4-year-old daughter told him when she saw him after the operation: "Daddy, you're so handsome."  Wiens lost all of his features and eyesight in November 2008 after hitting a power line while painting a church and underwent the transplant in March, 2011. The operation was paid for by the U.S. Department of Defense which gave the hospital a 3.4 million dollar research grant for five transplants.Surgeons said the transplant was not able to restore his sight, and some nerves were so badly damaged from his injury that he will probably have only partial sensation on his left cheek and the left side of his forehead."The most fun part is to see the next six to nine months when the function will start to come back and when Dallas will start to feel a light touch on his face," plastic surgeon Bohdan Pomahac said. "To me, that's really exciting."About a dozen face transplants have been done worldwide, in China, the U.S., France and Spain.

LOS ANGELES, April 3 (Xinhua) -- People with lower levels of vitamin D are more likely to have stiffer arteries and an inability of blood vessels to relax, U.S. researchers have found.This finding also applies to people who are in general good health, according to researchers from the Emory University School of Medicine.The researchers presented their findings on Sunday at the annual American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans.Impaired vascular health in correlation with lower vitamin D levels contributes to high blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease, the researchers say.The study involved 554 participants, with the average age of 47 and generally healthy.The average level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (a stable form of the vitamin reflecting diet as well as production in the skin) in participants' blood was 31.8 nanograms per milliliter. In this group, 14 percent had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels considered deficient, or less than 20 nanograms per milliliter, and 33 percent had levels considered insufficient, less than 30 nanograms per milliliter.The researchers monitored the ability of participants' blood vessels to relax by inflating and then removing a blood pressure cuff on their arms. To allow blood to flow back into the arm, blood vessels must relax and enlarge -- a change that can be measured by ultrasound. The researchers also made other measurements of smaller blood vessels and examined the resistance to blood flow imposed by the arteries.

BEIJING, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- Senior Chinese official Zhou Yongkang Tuesday called on law enforcement personnel to take more preventive measures against crime and accidents during the Lunar New Year holiday.Zhou, a Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, visited community security personnel, a district court, and police patrolling downtown Beijing Tuesday.He also visited a police station that is responsible for keeping public order in the area surrounding the central leadership compound of Zhongnanhai.During his visits, Zhou, who also heads the Commission for Political and Legal Affairs of the CPC Central Committee, said China was seeing the travel peak for the Spring Festival and some regions were suffering icy weather and lingering drought.He asked the police to take effective measures in traffic control and fire-fighting work, and maintain social order during the holiday season.He commended the practice of deploying special police to patrol the surrounding areas of the Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, saying it could deter crime and enable quick responses to emergencies.During his visit to the district court, Zhou warned there were still "many social conflicts."He asked local courts to solve social conflicts more effectively, promote innovative social management and law enforcement in a just and clean manner.The Spring Festival, or Chinese lunar New Year, is the most important festival for Chinese. It falls on Feb. 3 this year.