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BRUSSELS, April 29 (Xinhua) -- As a 2004 European Union (EU) directive on herbal medicine is to be fully implemented on May 1, herbal medicinal products without a license will no longer be allowed in the EU market, the European Commission said in a press release Friday.The Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive, adopted by the EU member states in 2004, introduced a so-called simplified registration procedure with a seven-year transition period for traditional herbal medicinal products to obtain a medicine license.As the transition period is to expire on Saturday, herbal medicinal products from home and abroad, most of which have been sold as food supplements for decades, need to be medically registered or authorized by EU governments in order to remain in the market after May 1.Instead of going through safety tests and clinical trials as regular chemical drugs, applicants are required by the directive to provide documents showing the herbal medicinal product is not harmful in the specified condition of use, as well as evidence that the product at least has a 30-year history of safe use, including 15 years in the EU.However, a wide range of eligibility and technical challenges along with prohibitive costs have so far prevented both local and outside herbal medicinal products from being granted the license.Only a small proportion of indigenous herbal medicinal products have been approved for registration while not a single Chinese or Indian traditional herbal medicinal products have been licensed.Lack of pan-European rules, EU member states had adopted different approaches to herbal medicine, thus creating a "state of anarchy" in the markets despite the fact that indigenous herbs had a 700-year history of use in Europe.Although the directive was intended to harmonize rules of member states and build a level-playing field across the EU, critics argued that the directive may fall short of the aim and create more chaos and uncertainties for the industry.DRAWBACKSThe directive has been under attack for being neither "adequate " nor "appropriate" due to its high registration cost for a single product and its lack of consideration about the Chinese and Indian traditional herbal medicine.Chris Dhaenens, a licensed herbalist in Belgium and a shareholder of a medium-sized herbal importing company doing business with China and ten European countries, said the directive was only appropriate for companies carrying a few products and who could afford the registration costs."It is simply inaccessible to most players distributing high- quality Chinese or Indian herbal products in Europe," he said, adding that the registration fee for a single product could be as high as 150,000 euros.The Alliance for Natural Health, a British-based group representing herbal practitioners, estimated the cost of obtaining a license at between 80,000 and 120,000 pounds (90,000 to 135,000 U.S. dollars) per herb.Dhaenens, who is also the president of the European Benefyt Foundation, a leading traditional medicine group in Europe, argued that the directive only tried to regulate herbal products instead of its practitioners and the whole herbal system, as well as fell short to take the Chinese and Indian traditional medicine into full consideration.Even the European Commission had admitted that the directive was not fit for the registration of Chinese and Indian medicine in an earlier exchange with the European Medicine Agency in Dec. 2008, Dhaenens revealed in an exclusive interview with Xinhua."But they had no money or time to work out an alternative, and so it was left to the member states," he said.

LOS ANGELES, April 6 (Xinhua) -- Freeze-dried strawberries may play a role in the prevention of esophageal cancer, a new study suggests."Strawberries may be an alternative or work together with other chemopreventive drugs for the prevention of esophageal cancer," said lead researcher Tong Chen, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor, division of medical oncology, department of internal medicine at the Ohio State University.Study findings were presented at the ongoing 102nd annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Orlando, Florida, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Wednesday."We concluded from this study that six months of eating strawberries is safe and easy to consume. In addition, our preliminary data suggests that strawberries can decrease histological grade of precancerous lesions and reduce cancer- related molecular events," said Chen, who is also a member of the Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention Program in the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center.The study involved a group of participants who consumed 60 grams of freeze-dried strawberries daily for six months and completed a dietary diary chronicling their strawberry consumption.The researchers obtained biopsy specimens before and after strawberry consumption. The results showed that 29 out of 36 participants experienced a decrease in histological grade of the precancerous lesions during the study.Using freeze-dried strawberries was important because by removing the water from the berries, they concentrated the preventive substances by nearly 10-fold, Chen said.Esophageal cancer is the third most common gastrointestinal cancer and the sixth most frequent cause of cancer death in the world, she noted.Chen and her team are studying esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which makes up 95 percent of cases of esophageal cancer worldwide. China, where this study took place, has the highest incidence of esophageal SCC, according to the AAAS.In a previous study, Chen and colleagues found that freeze- dried strawberries significantly inhibited tumor development in the esophagus of rats. Based on these results, they embarked on a Phase Ib trial that included participants with esophageal precancerous lesions who were at high risk for esophageal cancer."Our study is important because it shows that strawberries may slow the progression of precancerous lesion in the esophagus," Chen said.But she said they need to test this in randomized placebo- controlled trials in the future.

JINAN, May 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists said Saturday that they have found a new species of giant theropod dinosaur in the eastern province of Shandong.The new species, described as a close relative of Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex), has been named "Zhuchengtyrannus magnus". Paleontological experts found it has unique upper jawbones after examining the skull and jawbones discovered in the city of Zhucheng.It was estimated to be about 11 meters long and 4 meters tall, weighing close to 7 tonnes."We discovered two kinds of tyrannosaurus fossils here and the identity of the other one still remains unclear," said Xu Xing, a researcher at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences."We've named the new genus Zhuchengtyrannus magnus, which means the 'Tyrant from Zhucheng' because the bones were found in Zhucheng," Xu said.The bones were a few centimeters smaller than the similar bones in the largest T. Rex specimen, so there was no doubt that Zhuchengtyrannus was a huge tyrannosaur, Xu said.According to Xu, Zhuchengtyrannus magnus belonged to a specialized group of gigantic theropods called tyrannosaurines which existed in North America and eastern Asia during the Late Cretaceous Period that dated back about 65 to 99 million years.All tyrannosaurs were carnivorous, bipedal animals that generally had small arms and large skulls. Among the tyrannosaurs, the tyrannosaurines were the largest and characterized by having just two fingers on each hand and large powerful jaws to deliver a bone crushing bite. They were likely both predators and scavengers.The fossil quarry in Zhucheng contains one of the largest concentrations of dinosaur bones in the world. At least 10 dinosaur species have been found in three rounds of excavations since the 1960s, including Tyrannosaurus and Hadrosaurs.

BEIJING, April 10 (Xinhua) -- Many children in the U.S. live in poverty and their physical and mental health is not ensured as nearly one in four children struggles with hunger, according to a report on the U.S. human rights record released by China on Sunday.The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2010 was released by the Information Office of China's State Council in response to the country reports on Human Rights Practices for 2010 issued by the U.S. Department of State.The poverty rate increased for children younger than 18 to 20.7 percent in 2009, up 1.7 percentage points from that in 2008, the report quoted figures from the U.S. Census Bureau as saying.The report pointed out that violence against children is very severe in the country, citing figures from the official website of Love Our Children USA that every year over three million children are victims of violence reportedly and the actual number is three times greater.More than 93,000 children are currently incarcerated in the United States, and between 75 and 93 percent of children have experienced at least one traumatic experience, including sexual abuse and neglect, the report said.According to the report, pornographic content is rampant on the Internet and severely harms American children as seven in 10 children have accidentally accessed pornography on the Internet and one in three has done so intentionally.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 27 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. on Wednesday denied the alleged location-tracking practice of its mobile operating system, saying it will release software updates to make iPhone store less location information to quell public concerns over privacy.CLARIFICATION"Apple is not tracking the location of your iPhone. Apple has never done so and has no plans to ever do so," the company said in a statement."Users are confused, partly because the creators of this new technology (including Apple) have not provided enough education about these issues to date."According to the statement, the location data researchers saw on iPhone is a database of Wi-Fi hotspots and cell towers around users' current location that Apple is maintaining to help iPhone rapidly and accurately calculate its location when requested. It noted Apple cannot locate iPhone users based on Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower data as the information is in an anonymous and encrypted form.Apple admitted that part of the location data (Wi-Fi hotspots and cell towers) is backed up on iTunes, which means it could be possible that people with access to iPhone users'computer may get their location information. It said a software update has been planned to cease the backing-up.It is also planning to provide an update to limit the data storage on iPhone, in response to questions that the device has been storing location data since the release of iOS 4 operating system last June.Apple said it is a bug that iPhone keeps storing location data even if its location services are disabled, noting it will fix this through a software update in the coming weeks.The company also reiterated its focus on personal information security and privacy."Pretty much what I expected at this stage. The response is measured and the update should fix the problem," Alasdair Allan, one of the two British researchers who first announced the discovery of stored location data on iPhone, said on his Twitter account.ALLEGATIONThe statement on Wednesday is Apple's first official response to the location-tracking allegations.Worries on the iPhone tracking issue first surfaced last Wednesday when two British researchers announced at a technology conference in California that iPhone has been collecting users' location information and storing the data since June 21, 2010.Last Friday, The Wall Street Journal reported its security analysts had found that Apple's iPhone and smartphones running Google's Android operating system regularly transmit users' locations back to the two companies respectively, which is part of their race to build databases capable of pinpointing people's locations via smartphones.The newspaper then reported on Sunday that its analysts had also found iPhone is collecting and storing user's location data even when location services are turned off.PRESSUREThe Cupertino, California-based company has been facing mounting pressure from lawmakers, customers as well as media reports following the revelations.The U.S. House Energy and Commerce Committee on Monday sent letters to six developers of mobile device operating systems, including Apple and Google, demanding Apple's explanation on implications of alleged tracking for individual privacy and federal communications policy.Also on Monday, Minnesota Senator Al Franken, chairman of the U. S. Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law, announced he had scheduled a mobile privacy hearing on May 10 and asked representatives from Apple and Google to speak at the hearing.Meanwhile, Lisa Madigan, Attorney General of U.S. state of Illinois, on Monday called for a meeting with Apple and Google executives on the location-tracking reports, citing her ongoing effort to protect consumers' personal information online.Last Friday, two iPhone users filed a class action suit against Apple in Tempa, Florida, accusing the company of invasion of privacy and computer fraud and seeking a judge's order to bar the alleged data collection.Last Thursday, U.S. congressman Edward Markey asked Apple CEO Steve Jobs to make a response within 15 business days or no later than May 12, saying "Apple needs to safeguard personal location information of its users to ensure that an iPhone doesn't become an iTrack."On Saturday, Markey called for a congressional investigation into the privacy practices of Apple and Google. In a statement, he made clear that he thinks the data collection is potentially dangerous, saying predators could have hacked into an iPhone or Android phone to find out children's location information.Apple is also reportedly being investigated in South Korea, France, Germany and Italy over the alleged tracking practice.