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Sticking to a normal daily rhythm -- being active during the day and sleeping at night -- can have more benefits than you might expect.A new study found that it is linked to improvements in mood and cognitive functioning as well as a decreased likelihood of developing major depression and bipolar disorder.The study, published Tuesday in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at disruptions in the circadian rhythms -- or daily sleep-wake cycles -- of over 91,000 adults in the United Kingdom. It measured these disruptions using a device called an accelerometer that is worn on the wrist and measures one's daily activity levels. The participants were taken from the UK Biobank, a large cohort of over half a million UK adults ages 37 to 73.The researchers found that individuals with more circadian rhythm disruptions -- defined as increased activity at night, decreased activity during the day or both -- were significantly more likely to have symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder or major depression. They were also more likely to have decreased feelings of well-being and to have reduced cognitive functioning, based on a computer-generated reaction time test.For all participants, activity levels were measured over a seven-day period in either 2013 or 2014, and mental health proxies such as mood and cognitive functioning were measured using an online mental health questionnaire that participants filled out in 2016 or 2017."It's widely known that a good night's sleep is a good thing for well-being and health. That's not a big surprise," said?Dr. Daniel Smith, professor of psychiatry at the University of Glasgow and a leading author on the study. "But I think what's less well-known and what comes out of this work is that not only is a good night's sleep important, but having a regular rhythm of being active in daylight and inactive in darkness over time is important for mental well-being."The findings were found to be consistent even when controlling for a number of influential factors including age, sex, lifestyle, education and body mass index, according to Smith."I think one of the striking things that we found was just the consistency in the direction of our association across everything we looked at in terms of mental health," Smith said.Daily circadian rhythm is controlled by a collection of neurons in an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus helps regulate a number of important behavioral and physiological functions such as body temperature, eating and drinking habits, emotional well-being and sleep, according to the?National Institute of General Medical Sciences.The findings are consistent with research indicating a link between sleep disruptions and mood disorders. A 2009 study, for example, showed that men who worked night shifts for four years or more were more likely to have anxiety and depression than those who work during the day.However, the new study is the first to use objective measurements of daily activity and is among the largest of its kind, according to?Aiden Doherty, senior research fellow at the University of Oxford, who was not involved in the research."This study is the first large-scale investigation of the association of objectively measured circadian rhythmicity with various mental health, well-being, personality and cognitive outcomes, with an unprecedented sample size of more than 90 000 participants," Doherty wrote in an email."Previous studies have been very small (in just a few hundred people), or relied on self-report measures (asking people what they think they do). ... However, this study used objective device-based measures in over 90,000 participants; and then linked this information to standard measures of mood disorders, subjective well-being, and cognitive function," he added.The findings have significant public health consequences, particularly for those who live in urban areas, where circadian rhythms are often disrupted due to artificial light, according to Smith."By 2030, two-thirds of the world's population will be living in cities, and we know that living in an urban environment can be pretty toxic to your circadian system because of all the artificial light that you're exposed to," Smith said."So we need to think about ways to help people tune in to their natural rhythms of activity and sleeping more effectively. Hopefully, that will protect a lot of people from mood disorders."For those who struggle to maintain a consistent circadian rhythm, certain strategies -- such as avoiding technology at night -- have proven to be an important part of good sleep hygiene."Not using your phone late at night and having a regular pattern of sleeping is really important," Smith said. "But equally important is a pattern of exposing yourself to sunshine and daylight in the morning and doing activity in the morning or midday so you can actually sleep properly."Based on the observational nature of the study, the researchers were unable to show causality, meaning it is unclear whether the sleep disturbances caused the mental health problems or vice versa."It's a cross-sectional study, so we can't say anything about cause and effect or what came first, the mood disorder or the circadian disruption," said Kristen Knutson, associate professor of neurology at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study."And it's likely they affect each other in a circular fashion," she added.The researchers also looked exclusively at adults between age 37 and 73, meaning the results may not apply to younger individuals, whose circadian rhythms are known to be different than those of older adults, according to Smith."The circadian system changes throughout life. If you've got kids, you know that very young kids tend to be nocturnal," Smith said. "My suspicion is that we might observe even more pronounced effects in younger samples, but that hasn't been done yet, to my knowledge."But the study adds more credence to the idea that sleep hygiene -- including maintaining a consistent pattern of sleep and wake cycles -- may be an important component of good mental health, according to Smith."It's an exciting time for this kind of research because it's beginning to have some real-world applications," Smith said. "And from my point of view as a psychiatrist, I think it's probably under-recognized in psychiatry how important healthy circadian function is, but it's an area that we're trying to develop." 6496

The bonus of Jeffrey Mezger, one of the most powerful people in real estate, will be slashed by 25% after he went on an anti-gay tirade against his neighbor, comedian Kathy Griffin.Mezger, the CEO of homebuilder KB Home, used multiple homophobic and sexist slurs against Griffin and her partner. The tirade was caught on a security camera and a two-minute clip was published on Tuesday by HuffPost."Let's declare war, ass---- ... Let's bring it on, you b----," Mezger said during one of the tamer parts of the security camera audio recording.The verbal outburst occurred last weekend after Griffin and her partner called the police to report a noise disturbance on Mezger's property.KB Home revealed on Thursday that its board of directors decided to cut Mezger's 2017 bonus by 25%. It warned him that a similar incident will result in his firing. 865

That leased car gathering dust in your driveway might have hidden cash in it.Dealers facing tight inventories are scrambling to buy good used cars to resell. They might be willing to purchase your leased car for more than the buyout price in your contract.“I haven’t seen used car prices go up this much in years,” says Oren Weintraub, president of car concierge service Authority Auto. “We are seeing a large percentage or leases with equity in them.”With the pandemic reshaping the car business, experts recommend extracting that equity by selling the car outright, using it to offset the cost of returning the car or leveraging that value to make a better deal on your next car.Where does the equity come from?Your lease payment is based on the residual value of your vehicle. This is a prediction of the car’s value at the end of the lease which, because of the pandemic, is now often too low.This means you might be able to arrange to sell the car for the higher price, pay off the lease and then pocket the difference. It also means you could dodge over-mileage penalties or end the lease early.For example, Scot Hall of the lease-trading site Swapalease said his wife has been working from home during the pandemic and decided she didn’t need her leased 2017 GMC Yukon Denali XL. She ended her lease six months early — saving the remaining monthly payments — and sold her SUV to a local dealer, pocketing a check for ,500.Know where you standHere’s how to know if you have equity in your leased car:Find the residual value in your lease contract. This is the amount you can buy the car for at the end of the lease (there might also be a disposition fee for this transaction).Get today’s buyout price. If you want to end your lease early, call the lease holder and ask for a current buyout price. Hall says you can usually estimate this price by simply adding the total of all the remaining payments to the residual value.Look up the current market value. Use an online pricing guide, such as Edmunds.com, to find the trade-in value of your car, factoring in the current mileage, options and condition. If you’re thinking of selling your car to a neighbor, look for the private party price. Or you can get a nearly instant cash offer from a local dealer, Carmax or an online car retailer such as Carvana, Shift or Vroom. Give real-world offers more weight in your calculations.Do the math. Subtract the residual value from the current market price or cash offer. This is an estimate of how much equity you have in the car and how much money you could make on the deal.Find opportunity in a volatile marketOnce you know if you are in a positive equity position, you can explore different ways to use this potential value. Here are options to consider:Buy the car yourself. If you do this, you’re essentially getting a good used car at below-market price. Also, you know the history of your car, so there are no surprises. Many lenders that refinance auto loans also offer lease buyouts.Sell your leased car privately. In many states, you can buy the car and transfer it to a new owner within a certain number of days without paying sales tax yourself. Be sure to check with the DMV in your state before you make a deal.Trade in the car to a dealer. If you decide you want another car, you could sell your leased car outright first and then plunk down the cash on the new ride. But trading it in could save you a considerable amount of sales tax.Sell your vehicle to an online service or a local dealer. Carvana, Shift and Vroom will pick up the vehicle and do all the paperwork. However, Carvana says it will not accept leased cars as trade-ins.Return your lease without penaltiesKnowing there is equity in your car puts you in a stronger position when you return your leased vehicle.For example, Weintraub had a client who was ready to return a leased car with excess mileage and minor body damage. Because of the equity in the vehicle, Weintraub convinced the dealer to waive the 0 disposition fee, the excess mileage penalty and wear and tear charges.Should you be facing those kinds of costs as the end of your lease approaches, the time spent getting buyout offers is not only a bargaining tool, but it also offers other options to try if the leasing company doesn’t play ball.More From NerdWalletClass of 2019 Borrowed Less, Report FindsHow to Handle College Loan Debt as an Unemployed Recent GradMore Grads Are Going Back to School: Should You?Philip Reed is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: articles@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @AutoReed. 4559

TERRE HAUTE, Ind. (AP) — The United States has carried out its second federal execution this week, killing by lethal injection a Kansas man whose lawyers contended he had dementia. Wesley Ira Purkey was put to death Thursday at a prison in Terre Haute, Indiana. Purkey was convicted of kidnapping and killing a girl in Missouri and dismembering her body. He expressed remorse before his execution, saying he regretted the “pain and suffering” he caused. The victim's father says he hopes Purkey “rots in hell.” The Supreme Court cleared the way for Purkey's execution to take place just hours before. Another man, Daniel Lewis Lee, was put to death Tuesday, ending a 17-year hiatus on federal executions. Lee's execution went forward after its own late-night Supreme Court ruling allowing it to happen. 811

The Army Criminal Investigation Division (CID) has confirmed that a soldier who was wanted in connection with the disappearance with Pfc. Vanessa Guillen shot and killed himself during an interaction with police Wednesday morning.In their statement, CID also confirmed that a civilian suspect had been taken into custody by the Texas Rangers in connection with Guillen's disappearance. The civilian, an estranged wife of a former Fort Hood soldier, is currently being held in the Bell County jail.The Army did not identify either suspect in their statement.The announcement came as Guillen's family delivered a powerful press conference in Washington, calling on Congress to investigate her disappearance and sexual harassment in the military.During that press conference, the family said they believe that remains that were found in Texas on Tuesday were Guillen's.Family members also said her superior officers sexually harassed Guillen before her disappearance. They said that before her disappearance, Guillen told family members and other soldiers that she was being harassed by her superiors. However, she did not report the abuse to her superior officers because she feared retribution.Guillen's sister gave an impassioned speech in which she accused Army officials of "lying to her face" throughout the investigation into Guillen's disappearance.Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, D-Hawaii, appeared at the press conference along with the family and echoed calls for a Congressional investigation."We need to know why she did not get the help when she needed it," Gabbard said.Guillen, 20, was last seen around 11:30 am in the Regimental Engineer Squadron Headquarters' parking lot at Fort Hood on April 22.It wasn't until late June that the Army said it suspected foul play in connection with Guillen's death. CID now says it is investigating claims that Guillen was sexually harassed prior to her disappearance.According to a statement from the Army Criminal Investigation Division (CID), partial human remains were found during a search of an area of interest close to the Leon River in Bell County on Tuesday. CID has not yet confirmed the identity of the remains. 2169