成都中医{静脉炎}(成都腿部静脉血栓看什么科) (今日更新中)

WASHINGTON, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- Black scientists were significantly less likely than their white counterparts to receive research funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), according to an analysis of data from 2000 to 2006.University of Kansas Professor of Economics Donna Ginther was the lead author on the study commissioned by the NIH, which will appear Friday in journal Science.The researchers found a 10 percentage point gap in research funding -- even after taking into consideration demographics, education and training, employer characteristics, NIH experience and research productivity. For example, for every 100 grants submitted to NIH, 30 grants from white applicants were funded, compared to 20 grants for black applicants.Applications for NIH funding go through peer review that considers the significance, innovation and approach of grant applications, the investigator(s) and the research environment. About half of the applications are determined to be worth scoring. Among those scored, budgets and NIH Institutes priorities determine which applications are funded. Priorities can vary by year and by Institute.The study found that applications from black researchers were less likely to be scored and on average had worse scores. After controlling for the score of the grant, there were no race or ethnicity differences in funding.Applicants self-identify race, ethnicity and gender, but that information is not available during the peer review. However, biographical facts that are included in the review materials can provide clues to the identity of the applicants.The research suggests it is possible that cumulative advantage may explain the funding differences."Small differences in access to research resources and mentoring during training or at the beginning of a career may accumulate to become large between-group differences," the paper says.Additionally, the paper suggests further research is needed to determine why black researchers are less likely to be funded.NIH Director Francis Collins and Principal Deputy Director Lawrence Tabak call the findings unacceptable and commit to immediate action by the NIH."NIH commissioned this study because we want to learn more about the challenges facing the scientific community and address them head on. The results of this study are disturbing and disheartening, and we are committed to taking action," said Collins in an accompanying commentary. "The strength of the U.S. scientific enterprise depends upon our ability to recruit and retain the brightest minds, regardless of race or ethnicity. This study shows that we still have a long way to go."NIH initiated the study in 2008 to determine if researchers of different races and ethnicities with similar research records and affiliations had similar likelihoods of being awarded a new NIH research project grant.

CANBERRA, Sept. 7 (Xinhua) -- A team of Australian and U.S. scientists on Wednesday said they discovered a genetic defect, which can lead to Leigh syndrome, a rare disorder which affects the central nervous syndrome.The scientists tested more than 1000 genes by encoding proteins active in two individuals who suffer from the illness. They used a new technique known as next-generation DNA sequencing to examine the genes.The gene they discovered encodes an enzyme which is found in the mitochondria which are subsets of cells. Without this enzyme the mitochondria do not translate proteins efficiently, and this then causes Leigh syndrome.According to David Thorburn, from the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, the discovery shows the enormous potential of the new technology."These findings demonstrate the ability of sequencing technologies to improve diagnosis," Professor Thorburn said in a statement released on Wednesday."Although it isn't clear in the case of Leigh syndrome whether the precise molecular diagnosis will necessarily lead to therapies, the current findings represent a meaningful service."He added that diagnosis of the disease along with its specific genetic cause can also be informative about the risk a couple has of having another affected child. The diagnostic information can help in decisions about whether and how to pursue alternative means of having children, for instance through the use of donor sperm or eggs.The research team consisted of scientists from Australia's Murdoch Institute as well as the Broad Institute in the U.S.In Leigh syndrome, infants are born apparently healthy only to develop movement and breathing disorders that worsen over time, often leading to death by the age of three. The problem is that the mitochondria responsible for powering their cells cannot keep up with the demand for energy in their developing brains.

CANBERRA, Sept. 1 (Xinhua) -- Bushranger Ned Kelly's headless body has finally been identified in Australia, more than 130 years after his execution in the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria's Attorney- General Robert Clark announced on Thursday.Clark said the bushranger's remains have been identified by doctors and scientists at the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine (VIFM).Kelly was an Irish Australian bushranger, considered by some merely a cold-blooded killer, while by others a folk hero and symbol of Irish Australian resistance against oppression by the British ruling class for his defiance of the colonial authorities. He was hanged for murder in 1880 at Old Melbourne Gaol. His daring and notoriety made him an iconic figure in Australian history, folklore, literature, art and film.The project involved collaboration with the ancient DNA laboratory EAAF in Argentina, which has worked with the VIFM on other forensic projects.Clark said "This is an extraordinary achievement by our forensic team here in Victoria," he told reporters in Melbourne on Thursday."To think a group of scientists could identify the body of a man who was executed more than 130 years ago, moved and buried in a haphazard fashion among 33 other prisoners, most of whom are not identified, is amazing." The investigation started when a skull believed to belong to Kelly was handed to the VIFM on Nov. 11, 2009.The skull handed in in 2009 was found not to be that of Ned Kelly, and Glenrowan historian Gary Deans said the next step is to find Kelly's skull."The Government should put a request in the public arena for the return of Ned Kelly's skull," he told ABC News."We know thanks to Jack Cranston, who held the skull around 1929, that it was sitting on a detective's desk. This was around the same time that remains were dug up in the Old Melbourne Gaol."I imagine that that detective or somebody else took it home."

SYDNEY, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Australia's general practitioners ( GPs) will not back the idea of routine prostate cancer tests for men as young as 40 despite growing calls for regular screening, the nation's largest professional general practice organization said on Tuesday.Spokesman for the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), Professor Chris Del Mar said there was not enough solid evidence to suggest major benefits from routine screening and that current tests were unable to detect "nasty" and potentially deadly forms of prostate cancer from ones that will not cause any harm."The problem is you end up treating lots of people who don't need to be treated," Del Mar said, adding that treatment could leave men impotent and with incontinence problems."You will treat 20 times as many people than would have ever been bothered by it. We don't yet know that treating prostate cancer is better than not treating it. We are not sure it does any good and could be doing more harm," he said.On the other hand, Australia's urologists and pathologists both want men aged 40 and over who are worried about developing the disease to be offered tests.The Royal College of Pathologists (RCPA) on Tuesday released an official recommendation on routine screening for men aged 40 and over if they were concerned about prostate cancer.The pathologists argue that blood tests for prostate cancer in men under 50 can predict their future risk of developing the disease by measuring their prostate specific antigen levels (PSA).They say that men with high PSA levels for their age should be tested annually, while those PSA levels are below the average could be tested less frequently.Their call for more routine testing contrasts with recommendations for GPs, whose `Red Book' medical guide does not support regular screening.Instead, it suggests GPs should inform men aged 50-70 of the risks and benefits of screening and only test if the patient requests one.RACGP spokesman Del Mar, who co-wrote the RACGP's recommendations, said while the Red Book was being revised "we are not going to liberalize it".Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in Australia.About 20,000 cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed each year, with 3,300 men dying.Given the debate around prostate cancer tests, the Royal College of Pathologists wants to work with GPs, urologists and other medical organizations to develop a consensus on how and when to test for the disease, in a similar way to how experts approach breast cancer."It would be a good outcome for prostate cancer if we worked towards developing more of an umbrella document which reflected consensus among different stakeholder organizations. ," RCPA President Paul McKenzie said.

WELLINGTON, May 31 (Xinhua) -- New Zealand agricultural produce regulators cleared an Auckland-based firm that exported infant formula to China of food safety concerns, just hours after confirming they had launched an investigation.The clarification came the same day Kiaora New Zealand International, marketers of Heitiki infant formula, apologized for using a Maori name and icon on its product packaging.The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) issued a statement Tuesday to say Kiaora New Zealand had been cleared of food safety and export regulations concerns, but an investigation into the labeling and marketing of Heitiki would continue.The MAF issued a statement earlier Tuesday confirming reports it was investigating the product's safety, but MAF compliance and enforcement director Geoff Allen said in a later statement the investigation had been underway for about 10 days."The investigation was triggered by our internal surveillance. The investigation was primarily on whether there was a food safety issue, and I'm pleased to report that no food safety issues were identified," said Allen.Nothing "untoward" was identified in the origin and export destination of Heitiki-branded products, which were manufactured in New Zealand according to legal requirements, said Allen."The investigation has now turned to the labeling and marketing of the product. This aspect is ongoing, and seeks to identify anything in the labeling or marketing that is inaccurate or misleading.

来源：资阳报