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ISLAMABAD, Jan. 1 (Xinhua) -- Pakistan and China on Saturday officially launched the Pakistan-China Friendship Year of 2011 in Islamabad, which will feature a year-long celebration to mark the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.Addressing a ceremony in the Pakistan-China Friendship Center, Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi said a series of events and activities will begin countrywide with the start of 2011, which was declared as the Year of Friendship by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and his Pakistani counterpart Yousuf Raza Gilani during Wen's visit to Pakistan in December.Qureshi termed the ceremony held in the friendship center as significant, saying the cultural complex itself, recently inaugurated by Wen and Gilani, is a symbol of the friendship between the two neighbors.Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan Liu Jian said the Chinese premier paid a successful and historic visit to Pakistan and the year of 2010 witnessed a continued, stable and vigorous growth of the strategic partnership of bilateral cooperation.Liu said China and Pakistan will hold a series of wonderful commemorative activities covering such fields as politics, economy, culture, education, sports, military and others in the new year.He believed that all the activities will further promote mutual understanding and brotherly friendship between the two peoples and bring the all-weather relations to a new high.At the ceremony, Pakistani Foreign Secretary Salman Bashir conveyed the congratulatory messages from Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani on the commencement of the Pakistan-China Friendship Year.

BEIJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) -- A draft amendment to China's Criminal Law remained unchanged in reducing the number of crimes subject to the death penalty.The draft amendment was submitted Monday to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature, for its second reading.In August this year, the NPC Standing Committee discussed the draft amendment during its first reading. The draft amendment will make 13 crimes exempt from capital punishment, if it becomes law.The crimes included: smuggling cultural relics, gold, silver, and other precious metals and rare animals and their products out of the country; carrying out fraudulent activities with financial bills; carrying out fraudulent activities with letters of credit; the false issuance of exclusive value-added tax invoices to defraud export tax refunds or to offset taxes; the forging or selling of forged exclusive value-added tax invoices; the teaching of crime-committing methods; and robbing ancient cultural ruins.During the process of the NPC Standing Committee's discussion, when the draft amendment was released for public submissions, some people suggested some of the 13 crimes be given death penalty while others thought that more crimes should be exempt from capital punishment.If the amendment becomes law, it will be the first time the number of crimes subject to the death penalty has been reduced since the People's Republic of China enacted its criminal law in 1979. It will also be a move by China to limit the use of the death penalty, after the Supreme People's Court in 2007 began to review and approve all death penalty decisions.The current law allows the death penalty for 68 crimes. The draft amendment, if passed, will reduce that number to 55.

QINGDAO, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- Chinese maritime authorities Thursday added two large sea surveillance ships to its fleet in a bid to better protect the country's maritime rights and interests.The two patrol ships, in the 1,000- and 1,500-tonne classes, respectively, were added to the North Sea fleet of the China Maritime Surveillance Force in the eastern coastal city of Qingdao.They will be used to crack down on violations of China's maritime interests, illegal use of Chinese seawaters and damages to its sea environment, resources and infrastructures, said Fang Jianmeng, head of the North Sea branch of the State Oceanic AdministrationThe ships will also patrol China's waters to monitor polluting incidents, said Fang.This is part of a 1.6-billion-yuan (241-million U.S. dollar) plan the State Council, or China's cabinet, unveiled in 1999 to add 13 1,000-tonne-plus sea patrol ships and five patrol helicopters to patrol the nation's waters.The first group of six large patrol ships and two helicopters joined the China Maritime Surveillance Force under the State Oceanic Administration in November 2005.A senior official of the China Maritime Surveillance Force, who declined to give his full name, told Xinhua that the agency has finished building the second group of three patrol ships and has purchased three helicopters."The remaining four vessels will be put into use before June this year," said the official, surnamed Wu.The fleet expansion came as China is facing an increasingly heavier burden of safeguarding its seas rights and interests, said Wu.China's Ocean Development Report 2010 released last May said the country's maritime rights and interests faced complicated situations and safety threats.These include sovereignty over islands, sea delimitation, sea resources disputes, protecting the sea environment and new challenges such as delimitation of the continental shelf, safe passage on the seas and terrorism, it stated.China has a coastline of 32,000 km and 350,000 square km of territorial seawaters and internal waters. It also has 3 million square km of its exclusive economic zone as recognized under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea."Given the large sea territory, China's maritime surveillance force remains weak, even after all 13 patrol ships join the fleet," said Wu. "They're far from meeting all of our demands."Even following the expansion, the fleet would have only 47 patrol ships, with 26 in the 1,000-tonne-plus class, Wu added.Apart from the three fleets under the China Maritime Surveillance Force that cover the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East Sea and the South Sea, the coastal provinces and municipalities also have their own regional sea patrol forces.The regional forces planned to start building 36 sea patrol vessels this year to expand the county's sea surveillance fleet, Wu added.The expansion is among the key measures that help protect China's maritime interests and promote a sustainable ocean economy, said Zhang Hongsheng, deputy director of the State Oceanic Administration.

BEIJING, Jan. 13 (Xinhua) -- Vice Premier Li Keqiang's three-nation visit to Europe has expressed China's confidence, boosted mutual trust, expanded cooperation and deepened mutual understanding, Vice Foreign Minister Fu Ying said Thursday.Li returned to Beijing on Thursday afternoon after making visits to Spain, Germany and Britain at the invitations of their governments.Fu said that the vice premier's visits took place as the deep-seated impact of the international financial crisis remains unabated, the global economic recovery still faces uncertainties, and as Europe is in a tough fight against sovereignty debt crises.The visits were a great success and have been a solid start for the development of China's relations with Europe in 2011, Fu said.ENHANCED MUTUAL UNDERSTANDINGAccording to the vice foreign minister, Li said during his visit that China is a strategic partner of the three nations, and shares with them extensive common interests. Calling China's development an opportunity for the European countries, Li also said their prosperity and stability means opportunity for China.China is willing to work in concert with the three nations to rise to the challenges and seek common development, Fu quoted Li as saying.When visiting Spain, Li said choosing Spain as the first leg of his tour was to convey China's confidence in the country and the European Union (EU) in their fight against the sovereignty debt crises.Li called Spain a good friend and partner of China, and expressed China's willingness to intensify their traditional friendship and cooperation, and express its confidence in Spain's ability to tide over the current economic difficulties.Recognizing Germany as China's important partner in the EU, Li hailed their close cooperation and their mutual respect of each other's core interests.He expressed the hope that the two sides will understand and settle each other's concerns with a positive attitude in the new situation so as to further deepen bilateral ties.During his stay in Britain, Li said, to enhance the stability of bilateral relations, the two countries should continue treating each other on an equal basis and respecting each other's path of development.The Chinese leader said he wishes for China to deepen cooperation with the three nations and the EU when combating crises, and to establish with them a partnership featuring future-orientation, equal treatment, mutual benefit and an all-win result, and sustainable development.He also hoped the countries could promote the EU to recognize China's full market economy status and lift arms embargo on China, Fu said.The three nations all see China's development as opportunities instead of threats. Considering China and the EU as two big economies and major forces in the world, they believe their enhanced cooperation will contribute to peace, prosperity and stability of the world, Fu said.They also expressed the desire to work with China to bring their ties with China as well as the EU-China relationship to new levels, Fu added.STRENGTHENED TRADE, ECONOMIC RELATIONSFu said that, during Li's visit, he saw new developments in energy exploration and scientific and technological innovation in the three nations, and signed with them cooperation deals in energy and resources, aviation, telecommunication, finance, machinery, and tourism.As China's economy and that of the EU are quite complementary, Li lauded the great potential for Europe's cutting edge in technology to combine with China's huge market.Li urged both sides to consolidate traditional cooperation, explore new cooperative areas, develop large projects and create new cooperation highlights. He also expected the two sides to boost the level of technological cooperation and jointly explore the third-party markets to bring mutual benefits and achieve a win-win result for all.Vowing to further improve the investment environment, the Chinese leader welcomed more European enterprises to invest in China. He also encouraged more Chinese investment in Europe.Li wished that the three countries could join hands with China to combat trade and investment protectionism, ease restrictions on high-tech exports to China and further facilitate Chinese businessmen's travels to Europe.According to Fu, Li also expounded on China's stances on the issues of the exchange rate of China's currency, government procurement, technology transfer, protection of intellectual property rights and rare earth export.

BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- China's coal mine safety watchdog said Wednesday that the nation would require all coal mines to be equipped with emergency shelter systems to protect miners before June 2013.Also, the country's State Administration of Coal Mine Safety (SACMS) has required all mines to complete installation of four systems, including coal mine monitoring, pressure fan facilities, water supplies, and communications before the end of this year.Further, centrally-administered coal mine companies and major state-owned coal mines must also install positioning systems for workers underground, said Zhao Tiechui, SACMS chief.Meanwhile, centrally-administered coal mines and major state-owned coal mines must set an example by completing the construction of emergency shelter facilities before June 2012, Zhao said.More than 2,000 miners were killed in coal mines last year in China. Though the fatalities were significantly reduced from the peak of nearly 7,000 deaths in 2002, the situation still remains grim.Just last month, a gas leak at a coal mine in central China's Henan Province left more than 30 people dead.