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LOS ANGELES, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Sugarcane has the effect of cooling temperatures, thus playing role in stemming global warming, a new study has found.Sugarcane does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants " exhale" cooler water, according to the study conducted by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.The researchers used data from hundreds of satellite images over 733,000 square miles (about 1,173 square kilometers) in Brazil, where sugarcane is widely grown. They measured temperature, reflectivity (also called albedo), and evapotranspiration -- the water loss from the soil and from plants as they exhale water vapor.The findings showed that expansion of sugarcane in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate.Converting from natural vegetation to crop/pasture on average warmed the cerrado by 2.79 Fahrenheit (1.55 Centigrade, but that subsequent conversion to sugarcane, on average, cooled the surrounding air by 1.67 Fahrenheit (0.93 Centigrade), the researchers said in the study published in the April issue of Nature Climate Change."We found that shifting from natural vegetation to crops or pasture results in local warming because the plants give off less beneficial water. But the bamboo-like sugarcane is more reflective and gives off more water -- much like the natural vegetation," said lead researcher Scott Loarie. "It's a potential win-win for the climate -- using sugarcane to power vehicles reduces carbon emissions, while growing it lowers the local air temperature."Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline.The researchers emphasized that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation.So far most of the thinking about ecosystem effects on climate considers only impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. But according to co-researcher Greg Asner, "It's becoming increasingly clear that direct climate effects on local climate from land-use decisions constitute significant impacts that need to be considered core elements of human-caused climate change."

LOS ANGELES, April 2 (Xinhua) -- People taking antidepressants may be more likely to develop thicker arteries which may raise the risk of heart disease and stroke, a new study suggests.Depression can heighten the risk for heart disease, but the effect of antidepressant use is separate and independent from depression itself, according to the study make public by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Saturday.The data suggest that antidepressants may combine with depression for a negative effect on blood vessels, said study first author Amit Shah, MD, a cardiology fellow at Emory University School of Medicine.Study findings will be presented on April 5 at the American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans, according to the AAAS.The study included 513 middle-aged male twins who both served in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War. Twins are genetically the same but may be different when it comes to other risk factors such as diet, smoking and exercise, so studying them is a good way to distill out the effects of genetics.Researchers measured carotid intima-media thickness - the thickness of the lining of the main arteries in the neck -- by ultrasound. Among the 59 pairs of twins where only one brother took antidepressants, the one taking the drugs tended to have higher carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), even when standard heart disease risk factors were taken into account.The effect was seen both in twins with or without a previous heart attack or stroke. A higher level of depressive symptoms was associated with higher IMT only in those taking antidepressants."One of the strongest and best-studied factors that thickens someone's arteries is age, and that happens at around 10 microns per year," Shah said. "In our study, users of antidepressants see an average 40 micron increase in IMT, so their carotid arteries are in effect four years older."Antidepressants' effects on blood vessels may come from changes in serotonin, a chemical that helps some brain cells communicate but also functions outside the brain, Shah said."I think we have to keep an open mind about the effects of antidepressants on neurochemicals like serotonin in places outside the brain, such as the vasculature. The body often compensates over time for drugs' immediate effects," Shah said. " Antidepressants have a clinical benefit that has been established, so nobody taking these medications should stop based only on these results. This isn 't the kind of study where we can know cause and effect, let alone mechanism, and we need to see whether this holds up in other population groups."

LOS ANGELES, April 1 (Xinhua) -- A NASA Gulfstream-III aircraft equipped with a synthetic aperture radar is scheduled to depart Sunday, April 3 on a nine-day mission to image Hawaii volcanoes, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Friday.The aircraft will fly from the Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale, California to the Big Island of Hawaii to study the Kilauea volcano that recently erupted, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.The mission will help scientists better understand processes occurring under Earth's surface, JPL said.Developed by JPL, the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar, or UAVSAR, uses a technique called interferometric synthetic aperture radar that sends pulses of microwave energy from the aircraft to the ground to detect and measure very subtle deformations in Earth's surface, such as those caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and glacier movements.As the Gulfstream-III flies at an altitude of about 12,500 meters, the radar, located in a pod under the aircraft's belly, will collect data over Kilauea, according to JPL.The UAVSAR's first data acquisitions over this volcanic region took place in January 2010, when the radar flew over the volcano daily for a week. The UAVSAR detected deflation of Kilauea's caldera over one day, part of a series of deflation-inflation events observed at Kilauea as magma is pumped into the volcano's east rift zone.This month's flights will repeat the 2010 flight paths to an accuracy of within 5 meters, or about 16.5 feet, assisted by a Platform Precision Autopilot designed by engineers at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center on Edwards Air Force Base, California, JPL said.By comparing these camera-like images, interferograms are formed that reveal changes in Earth's surface, said JPL.Between March 5 and 11, 2011, a spectacular fissure eruption occurred along the east rift zone. Satellite radar imagery captured the progression of this volcanic event."The April 2011 UAVSAR flights will capture the March 2011 fissure eruption surface displacements at high resolution and from multiple viewing directions, giving us an improved resolution of the magma injected into the east rift zone that caused the eruption," said JPL research scientist Paul Lundgren."Our goal is to be able to deploy the UAVSAR on short notice to better understand and aid in responding to hazards from Kilauea and other volcanoes in the Pacific region covered by this study," Lundgren added.

BEIJING, Feb. 5 (Xinhua) -- Despite profound changes in the global economy, China's banking industry expects steady growth during the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015), a senior banker said Saturday.China's steady and relatively fast economic growth is expected to lay a solid basis for the development of the commercial banks' main businesses, said Hu Huaibang, chairman of Bank of Communications, the fifth-largest lender.Meanwhile, the transformation of China's economic growth pattern would provide an impetus to the adjustment and optimization of the lenders' businesses, Hu said.Hu predicted businesses, such as consumer credit, asset management and credit cards, would enter a golden era over the next few years, along with the economy's shift to a domestic consumption-driven model from the current export-oriented growth pattern.Also, increases in personal wealth and growing numbers in the middle class would bring huge potential customers and development opportunities to the lenders, Hu said.Further, he urged Chinese banks to improve their services and launch new products to meet diversified demands.

JERUSALEM, March 31 (Xinhua) -- Two researchers at the Hebrew University (HU) of Jerusalem have been honored with a prestigious award for their study of the connection between several inflammatory diseases, cancer and bacteria.Medical faculty members, Dr. Eli Pilarsky and Prof. Sigal Ben- Yehuda, won this year's Sir Zelman Cowen Universities Fund prize that recognizes significant achievement in the field of medicine.The prize committee noted the impressive contributions of Pilarsky and Ben-Yehuda in understanding complex diseases like cancer and antibiotic-resistant infections, and, in a first, decided to award the two scientists this year.Pilarsky told Xinhua that his research deals with the connection between chronic inflammatory diseases like hepatitis, and the development of cancer cells."The relevance of this discovery is that we were able to establish the link between the molecules secreted with such inflammations and the proliferation of cancer cells," Pilarsky explained, noting that "we discovered that the inflammation favors the cancer cells' growth, and now we are trying to find a way to manipulate these molecules to stop the cancer cells from appearing. ""The importance of these findings lies in the fact that 20 percent of the world's cancer cases are attributed to inflammation processes," Pilarsky pointed out.

来源：资阳报