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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- We’ve known for a while that COVID-19 hits people over 65 especially hard, but a study published Wednesday from researchers in San Diego offers new insight into why that happens.The numbers are staggering: if you’re 65 or older, your risk of winding up in the hospital from COVID-19 is five to 11 times higher than someone under 30. Your risk of death is at least 90 times higher, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology say the reason why older people fare so much worse appears to be from a lack of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that can decline with age.“Some viruses get controlled by one part of the immune system. Some viruses get controlled by another. In this case it seems that T-cells really do a lot of the work,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, one of the authors of the study published Wednesday in the journal Cell.Dr. Crotty and his colleagues looked at 50 people infected with the virus, and they measured the three elements of the adaptive immune system in detail: antibodies, helper T-cells and killer T-cells.Then they compared the measurements to how people fared against the virus. Some patients in the study group had severe cases, others had mild infections.The researchers found that people with all three branches of the adaptive immune system tended to fully recover. People with severe cases of the virus often lacked one or more of the immune branches, and it was particularly evident in older people.“Our data indicated that of the older individuals, it was particularly the ones that had fewer T-cells to start that look like they really struggled to control this virus,” Dr. Crotty said.As we age, we have fewer T-cells to send after invading pathogens. “That collection of T-cells gets smaller. So it’s harder to recognize a new virus,” Crotty said.Among the 748 deaths in San Diego County reported as of Wednesday, 87% were people aged 60 and older.The findings from LJI may have implications in the search for a vaccine against COVID-19. The data suggests that vaccine-makers may want to target a drug that elicits all three branches of the immune response, Dr. Crotty said. Some vaccine approaches, such as inactivated virus vaccines, only elicit two of three branches, not killer T-cells. However, Crotty said it was too soon to rule any candidates. Two strong branches produced by a vaccine could potentially cover for the lack of a third, he said.Crotty said the findings could help vaccine-makers interpret results from the clinical trials and find the right dosing.“Is a given vaccine a good vaccine, and you just need a booster immunization?” he said. “Does it work well in one population but it doesn’t help in the elderly because it doesn’t generate a T-cell response, for example? Those are the scenarios when this type of knowledge will come into play.” 2906

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - While bars are set to open Friday, it's not going to look much different from restaurants right now, according to those in the industry.10News spoke with Nathan Colonero, the Director of Operations at Sandbox Pizza and The Tipsy Crow, and he said the only change will be businesses without a food license will be able to reopen and bars that serve food don't have to enforce a food order on each tab.Customers will be required to wear masks when they walk in and may only remove their mask once seated.Tables must be spaced at least six feet apart or partitioned.Colonero is hopeful the easing restrictions will continue, "who knows? Maybe three more weeks and no spike and we get a little more back to, the biggest thing for us is to get back to, if people are allowed to be in the venue, maybe at a lower capacity, just not seated."Many San Diego bars with food licenses have been open for the past three weeks and some are feeling the squeeze of the new restrictions."The 0 unemployment is killing businesses right now to get staff back," Colonero said. He said they're dealing with high minimum wage, former employees who left the area to live with their family during quarantine and those who are afraid to return to work for health reasons.He said another problem with hiring back employees is they have new cleaning duties under the county order, "everyone's kind of been forced to do jobs they don't like or want to do."Colonero said servers and bartenders coming back are also seeing less in tips, because of the limited capacity, and businesses are seeing hardly if any profit for the same reason."Unfortunately there's going to be a lot of restaurants and bars that aren't going to be reopening," Colonero said.He asks San Diegans who go out this weekend to bars and restaurants to be patient with workers who are juggling so many changes.Bars join nearly a dozen other businesses allowed to reopen Friday:GymsHotelsBars/wineriesZoos and indoor museumsFamily entertainment facilities (bowling alleys, batting cages, etc.)Day campsCampgroundsPro sports without fansFilm and TV productionCard rooms 2137

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- We know many of you have questions about how to navigate the upcoming school year with your children at home. On Monday Aug. 3 at 9:30 a.m., ABC 10News San Diego anchor Lindsey Pena will talk with Dr. Abisola Olulade about how to keep children healthy in a remote learning environment -- covering physical activities, healthy break structures, and more. 381

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- With temperatures expected to soar into the 80s and 90s along San Diego's coast this weekend, lifeguards say they'll be extra vigilant at beaches and bays."We still want people to come and enjoy the beach," said San Diego Lifeguards Lt. Rich Stropky. "But come talk to us first; We will describe the do's and don'ts and any safety issues."In addition to the usual rip currents and stingrays, lifeguards say people need to be careful about over-exertion and heat-related illness like heat stroke or dehydration.Study: Longer and more frequent heatwaves expected for Southern California"Especially if you're at a beach like Torrey Pines, where you have to hike in or hike out," said Stropky. "So, bring lots of water. Hydrate often, not just when you're thirsty. And then stay cool, get some shade and make sure that sunscreen's on."Lifeguards also say they expect big crowds, which means swimmers and boaters will have to share the water.Tragedy struck last weekend when a Jet Ski and boat collided, killing one person. Stropky said everyone needs to have a heightened sense of awareness and keep their head on a swivel."It's very very dangerous," he said. "We've had several accidents. There's no reason for these things to be happening, except for lack of awareness."RELATED: Stretch of scorching heat begins in San Diego CountyAt boat and Jet Ski rental companies, like Action Sport Rentals on Mission Bay, staff are putting extra emphasis on safety as they send people onto the water.Action Sport Rental has people fill out safety forms, watch a video produced by the San Diego Police Department, and go through one-on-one safety training before they get on the boat."Most of the time, for people out on the bay, it's very hectic," said Action Sports Rentals Manager Alexes Pelzer. "Just make sure to learn the rules of the bay and look out for things floating in the water."STAYING COOL: San Diego County opens cool zones amid heat waveAnd while the air temperature could be too hot, Stropky warns the water temperature is still very cold. Measurements this week have been in the low to mid-60s, and he said anyone who has a wet suit should wear it in the water. 2194

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Traveler satisfaction stagnated year-over-year as airports struggle to keep customers happy, according to J.D. Power. According to the report, construction projects and passenger volumes are at least partly responsible for the trend. San Diego International ranked 13th out of 27 in the large airport category, with a score of 774 out of 1,000. To reach the conclusion, the report looked at six factors: Terminal facilities; airport accessibility; baggage claim; security check; check-in/baggage check and food, beverage and retail. “With major terminal construction projects now underway in Los Angeles, Boston, Chicago, Atlanta and many other airports, it is becoming impossible for travelers not to experience some form of disruption,” said Michael Taylor, Travel Intelligence Lead at J.D. Power. “While these projects are absolutely necessary to address surging demand, they are currently causing passenger delays and confusion. This translates into a rushed passenger experience and less money spent on food, beverage and retail—and it’s slowing the progress of the airport satisfaction we’ve seen in the past several years.”Meanwhile J.D. Power says the experience of getting through security at the airport has improved by five points. The study is based on responses from more than 32,000 U.S. or Canadian residents who traveled through at least one U.S. or Canadian airport that covers both departure and arrival experiences over the last three months. Click here for the full report. 1523