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BEIJING, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- China needs to reform funding methods for scientific and technological research in order to boost the nation's innovation capabilities, said officials and researchers attending a conference in Beijing Friday.The management of the government-funded research projects should also be reformed, State Councilor Liu Yandong said at the national conference on science and technology work.Liu stressed that reform, innovation and cooperation should be the keys for China's science and technology work over the next five years, when the government would increase funding for research in new strategic industries, such as new energy, biomedicine and high-end manufacturing.Last year, central and local government spending on science and technology development totaled 380 billion yuan (57.8 billion U.S. dollars), Science and Technology Minister Wan Gang said at the conference.Over the past five years, central government spending on science and technology development had grown by around 20 percent annually.However, some researchers have complained problems in the funding system actually hinder innovation and progress.Inflexibility in the management of government funds allowed researchers little freedom to adapt projects to developments in their fields, said Li Zhenzhen, a researcher at the Institute of Policy and Management under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).Chen Jie, a research fellow of the CAS' Institute of Microelectronics, said some authorities which oversee the spending of research funds had been rather rigid."In some cases, they are more interested in spending most of the funds on new equipment than scientists," Chen said in an earlier interview with Xinhua. "Without decent pay, it is difficult to attract top scientists to work in China.""Having to solicit and lobby for funding to support the team's research projects leaves me no more than five hours a day for real research," Chen said.Top-level scientific brains are the key to the innovative capability of China, he added.A researcher attending Friday's conference echoed Chen's opinion."China manufactures 65 percent of the world's computers. But to my knowledge, we are still spending about 150 billion U.S. dollars annually to buy computer chips from overseas," the researcher told Xinhua on condition of anonymity.Wan Gang also said imported computer chips cost China more than crude oil purchases last year.But Wan believed that with breakthroughs in frontier areas such as cloning, manned space flight, moon exploration and supercomputers, China could expect a leap in science and technology development in the near future.In October last year, China successfully launched its second lunar probe, Chang'e-2.A month later, Chinese supercomputer Tianhe-1A, which can perform 2.57 quadrillion computing operations a second, was ranked the world's fastest in the TOP500 list compiled by U.S. and European researchers.

WASHINGTON, March 22 (Xinhua) -- A long-term study by Greek researchers has shown the effectiveness of replacing bone marrow, purposely destroyed by chemotherapy, with autologous (self) stem cells in treating people with aggressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS).The study was published on Tuesday in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.For the treatment, chemotherapy drugs are used to kill all of the patient's blood cells, including the immune cells that are believed to be attacking the body's own central nervous system. Bone marrow stem cells removed from the patient are purified and transplanted back into the body, which saves life by replacing the blood cells and also is proposed to "reboot" the immune system.A human embryonic stem cell line derived at Stanford University is seen in this handout photo released to Reuters by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009The study followed 35 people for an average of 11 years after transplant. The study involved people with rapidly progressive MS who had tried a number of other treatments for MS with little or no effect. All were severely disabled by the disease, with an average score of six on a scale of disease activity that ranges from zero being a normal neurological examination to 10 meaning death due to MS.A score of six means able to walk with a cane or crutch; a seven is mainly in a wheelchair. All had worsened by at least one point on the scale in the year prior to the transplant.After the transplants, the probability of participants having no worsening of their disease for 15 years was 25 percent. The probability was higher -- 44 percent -- for those who had active brain lesions, which are a sign of disease activity, at the time of the transplant.For 16 people, symptoms improved by an average of one point on the scale after the transplant, and the improvements lasted for an average of two years. The participants also had a reduction in the number and size of lesions in their brains. Two people (six percent) died from complications related to the transplant at two months and 2-1/2 years post-transplant.Study author Vasilios Kimiskidis, of Aristotle University in Thessaloniki, Greece, noted that more research is needed on this treatment, including studies that compare people receiving the treatment to a control group that does not receive the treatment."Keeping that in mind, our feeling is that stem cell transplants may benefit people with rapidly progressive MS," he said. "This is not a therapy for the general population of people with MS but should be reserved for aggressive cases that are still in the inflammatory phase of the disease."

WASHINGTON, April 29 (Xinhua) -- A U.S. appeals court ruled on Friday that the Obama administration can continue the taxpayer- funding for human embryonic stem cell research.The U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington overturned a preliminary federal court order that would have blocked the U.S. Health and Human Services Department and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from spending government money on embryonic stem cells research."Today's ruling is a victory for our scientists and patients around the world who stand to benefit from the groundbreaking medical research they're pursuing," said Nicholas Papas, a White House spokesman.U.S. President Barack Obama has been trying to expand government funding for human embryonic stem cells research, saying that years of progress on finding cures for spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease and other diseases would be lost without the government support on this field.Opponents have been arguing the research is unacceptable because embryonic stem cells can only be obtained through destroying human embryos.Last August, a federal judge ruled that the government-backed embryonic stem cell research violated the law because embryos were destroyed in the process and it jeopardized the position of researchers using adult stem cells for winning federal grants.The government immediately appealed to the ruling, and the appeals court said the research could continue at the NIH before the judge ruled on the case.

LOS ANGELES, April 4 (Xinhua) -- A woman's breast milk cells may be used to predict cancer in future research, according to a study published by HealthDay News on Monday.In the study, researchers at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst collected breast milk from 271 women in the United States. All had either undergone a biopsy of the breast to check for cancer, or were scheduled for one.The researchers evaluated breast milk samples from the biopsied and non-biopsied breasts.The researchers first isolated potentially cancerous cells, known as epithelial cells, and then isolated DNA to look for signals that regulate tumor suppresser genes.In the next step, the researchers analyzed three genes among the many known to undergo a process called methylation in breast cancer. Methylation in a specific region of a gene can inhibit or suppress the expression of a gene.For one gene, SFRP1, the average methylation was higher in the biopsied breast, the study found.Among the women whose biopsies detected cancer, average methylation of the RASSF1 gene in the biopsied breast was considerably higher compared to the non-biopsied breast.Among the women whose biopsies detected cancer, average methylation of the RASSF1 gene in the biopsied breast was considerably higher compared to the non-biopsied breast."It looks as if we can use the cells from breast milk to assess breast cancer risk," said Dr. Kathleen Arcaro, an associate professor of veterinary and animal sciences at the university.It's too soon, however, to assess the cancer detection rate associated with breast milk cell examination, she said."We can't say at this point for two reasons," she said. "One is, we need long-term follow-up. And the second really important reason is, we need to sample a larger panel of genes."Arcaro is to present her findings later Monday at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research in Orlando, Florida, according to HealthDay News.

LOS ANGELES, April 7 (Xinhua) -- Unrecycled energy-efficient bulbs release tons of mercury into the environment every year, raising an environmental concern, it was reported on Thursday.Demand for the energy-efficient lights -- the compact fluorescent light bulb (CFL) -- is growing as government mandates for energy-efficient lighting take effect, yet only about two percent of residential consumers and one-third of businesses recycle the new bulbs, the Los Angeles Times said, quoting the Association of Lighting and Mercury Recyclers (ALMR).Each CFL contains up to five milligrams of mercury, a potent neurotoxin that's on the worst-offending list of environmental contaminants, the report said.As a result, U.S. landfills are releasing more than four tons of mercury annually into the atmosphere and storm water runoff, the Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association said in a study published by the paper.The federal Clean Energy Act of 2007 established energy- efficiency standards for light bulbs that dimmed the future for old-fashioned incandescents, which don't meet those standards. Incandescents are to be phased out by 2014 in the U.S., and California passed even stricter rules, calling for store shelves to be cleared of them by 2013.The old-style bulbs are just too wasteful, converting to light only 10 percent of the energy they consume. The rest is squandered as heat.Sales of energy-efficient alternatives like CFLs, halogen bulbs and LEDs have been growing steadily, with the low-cost CFLs the biggest sellers, according to the paper.If every California household replaced five incandescent bulbs with CFLs, the move would save 6.18 billion kilowatt-hours and prevent the annual release of 2.26 million tons of heat-trapping carbon dioxide, according to the California Energy Commission. That 's equivalent to taking 414,000 cars off the road.But no federal law mandates recycling of household fluorescent lights. Federal rules exempt some businesses, based in part on the number of bulbs used, said Paul Abernathy, executive director of the ALMR, which is based in Napa, Calif.Several states, including California, Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont and Minnesota, do require that all households and businesses recycle fluorescents, the paper said.But the ALMR said compliance is low because of a lack of convenient drop-off options.