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BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese banks have extended more loans to small firms to ease their financial predicaments as the government tightens monetary supply, a banking regulator said Wednesday.Outstanding loans to small firms grew 26.6 percent year-on-year to hit 9.85 trillion yuan (1.55 trillion U.S. dollars) at the end of July, said Xiao Yuanqi, an official in charge of financial services for small enterprises at the China Banking Regulatory Commission.The growth was 10 percentage points higher than that of the banks' total outstanding loans, Xiao told Xinhua.More than 100 commercial banks have set up special operations to ease small firms' difficulties getting access to bank credit, he noted.The figures came at a time when China is trying to balance the missions of countering inflation and sustaining the growth of small enterprises.The People's Bank of China, or the central bank, has raised the benchmark interest rate three times this year and increased the reserve requirement ratio six times.The measures bit into small, cash-strapped companies, which are already disadvantaged in seeking bank support due to insufficient collateral.Only 15 percent of China's small enterprises could get loans from banks and half of them had to resort to private lenders, according to a report by the National School of Development with Peking University in July.With tighter liquidity and stricter regulatory requirements on capital-adequacy ratios and loan-deposit ratios, banks are more reluctant to lend to small firms, said Ai Min, a retail banking general manager with China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd.Besides, the expanding size of lending to small firms may lead to higher risks, said Ai.He suggested banks improve the risk evaluation and collateral system for loans to small firms.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- After a journey of almost three years, NASA's Mars rover Opportunity has reached the Red Planet's Endeavour crater to study rocks never seen before, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced on Wednesday.Scientists hope it will find rocks and terrain much older than any other that the itinerant robot has examined during its seven years on the red planet.The U.S. space agency said that Opportunity arrived at the rim of Endeavour on Tuesday. The golf cart-size rover is expected to remain at the 22-kilometer-wide crater for the next few years.A portion of the west rim of Endeavour crater sweeps southward in this color view from NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity."NASA is continuing to write remarkable chapters in our nation' s story of exploration with discoveries on Mars and trips to an array of challenging new destinations," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "Opportunity's findings and data ... will play a key role in making possible future human missions to Mars and other places where humans have not yet been."NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which has been circling the planet since late 2005, detected clay minerals that form in wet conditions in the crater. Scientists want to find out if the minerals date back to Mars' distant past, when the planet is believed to have been wetter and warmer than the dry frozen desert it is today."We're soon going to get the opportunity to sample a rock type the rovers haven't seen yet," said Matthew Golombek, Mars Exploration Rover science team member, at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Clay minerals form in wet conditions so we may learn about a potentially habitable environment that appears to have been very different from those responsible for the rocks comprising the plains."NASA is searching for signs that Mars had a habitable environment billions of years ago. Knowledge of the Martian climate will be important to future manned missions there, and can shed light on the forces that shaped Earth's climate.NASA launched the Mars rovers Opportunity and Spirit in 2003 for what were planned to be three-month missions. But both continued operating well beyond that. Spirit stopped communicating in March 2010.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- Amazon on Wednesday launched Kindle Cloud Reader, a web-based app that may help the on-line retailer to sidestep Apple's App Store restrictions.In its announcement, Amazon said Kindle Could Reader uses the HTML5 web standard to let users read e-books from their Kindle library from the Safari browser or Google's Chrome browser on their desktops or tablet, including the iPad.Support for Internet Explorer, Firefox and the Blackberry Playbook will be launched later this year.The app has a button linked to the Kindle Store, which was removed recently from the Kindle apps for iPad and iPhone.The move is taken as an answer to Apple's latest App Store restrictions, which banned developers to have any external links for purchasing digital books or subscriptions in the app, unless they give Apple a 30 percent cut from the in-app sales.Besides Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Google Books and Canadian e- book seller Kobo have also altered their iPad and iPhone apps to comply with the rules.Meanwhile, publishers and retailers have been developing web- based HTML5 apps to sidestep Apple for more control, which is an approved-of technology for iOS devices.The Financial Times, Kobo and video-on-demand service Vudu have recently launched their HTML5 app to avoid paying Apple a 30 percent cut.Industry watchers said it is unknown how Apple will deal with such apps. It would be easy for Apple to disable Web apps in the iPad's Safari browser, but the company would certainly face some backlash, said tech media website CNET.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) -- Amazon.com Inc. is talking with book publishers to launch a rental subscription service for digital books, U.S. media reported on Monday.Several publishing executives said they aren't enthusiastic about the idea because it could lower the value of books and it could also strain their relationships with other retailers that sell their books, The Wall Street Journal quotes people familiar with the matter in a report.The Seattle-based company is considering a digital book library featuring old titles, which would be available to Amazon Prime subscribers, who currently pay 79 U.S. dollars a year for access to digital library of movies and TV shows and unlimited two-day shipping, said the report.Amazon would offer book publishers a substantial fee and could limit the amount of books that Amazon Prime customers could read for free every month, the report cited some sources as saying.The online retailing giant makes the popular electronic reader Kindle and is also reported to launch a color touchscreen tablet before October to compete with Apple's iPad and other devices in the increasingly crowded tablet computer market.The proposal is another sign that retailers are looking for more ways to deliver content digitally as customers increasingly read book and watch TV on personal computers, tablets and other electronic devices, said The Wall Street Journal report.

WASHINGTON, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Advanced hepatitis C patients with chronic liver disease may benefit from drinking coffee during treatment, according to a new study published Tuesday in Gastroenterology, the official journal of the American Gastroenterological Association Institute.The study shows that patients who received peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment and who drank three or more cups of coffee per day were two times more likely to respond to treatment than non- drinkers.Among non-drinkers, 46 percent had an early virologic response; 26 percent had no detectable serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid at week 20; 22 percent had no detectable serum at week 48; and 11 percent had a sustained virologic response. In contrast, the corresponding proportions for those who drank three or more cups of coffee per day were 73 percent, 52 percent, 49 percent and 26 percent, respectively."Coffee intake has been associated with a lower level of liver enzymes, reduced progression of chronic liver disease and reduced incidence of liver cancer," said Neal Freedman, of the National Cancer Institute and lead author of this study. "Although we observed an independent association between coffee intake and virologic response to treatment, this association needs replication in other studies."Approximately 70 to 80 percent of individuals exposed to HCV become chronically infected. Worldwide, these individuals are estimated to number between 130 and 170 million. Higher coffee consumption has been associated with slower progression of pre- existing liver disease and lower risk of liver cancer. However, the relationship with response to anti-HCV treatment had not been previously evaluated.

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