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ROME, May 26 (Xinhua) -- African swine fever, a viral disease deadly to pigs but harmless to human beings, is spreading beyond Russia and the Caucasus region into Europe, the United Nations' food agency said Thursday."African swine fever is fast becoming a global issue," said Juan Lubroth, chief veterinary officer for the Food and Agriculture Organization."It now poses an immediate threat to Europe and beyond. Countries need to be on the alert and to strengthen their preparedness and contingency plans," he said.The disease, for which there is currently no vaccine, was introduced into Georgia from southern Africa late in 2006. It entered through the Black Sea port of Poti, where garbage from a ship was taken to a dump where pigs came to feed, the FAO said.Strategies to tackle African swine fever include quarantine, on-farm security and other measures aimed at minimizing the risk of introduction and establishing of the disease.

DAVOS, Switzerland, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) -- A policy of more trade and greater openness to the rest of the world has brought significant benefits to China and greater market opportunities to its trading partners, the head of the World Trade Organization says."I don't think there is any question that China joining the WTO has been a very good thing for China and for the WTO and its members," WTO Director General Pascal Lamy said in an interview with Xinhua.The WTO chief was expected to join the forum "China's Impact on Global Trade and Growth" on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum annual meeting held in this Swiss alpine town."In joining the WTO, China successfully underpinned a policy of what had been 20 years of progressive openness," Lamy said.Adherence to economic reforms through international commitments ensured that China would stay on the path of openness, he noted, adding that the policy has helped the country economically, politically and socially.Lamy stressed that China has done a "remarkable job" in reducing poverty, which is an important task for the country, along with registering double-digit growth, thus becoming the world's largest manufacturer and the second largest economy.Apart from enhanced market access with its trading partners and more equal treatment in global trade, WTO membership also has allowed China to gain access to the organization's dispute settlement system, Lamy said.According to a WTO report issued in December, as the world's biggest exporter, China ranks first in receiving anti-dumping (AD) investigations, with 23 new AD initiations directed at its exports in the first half of 2010.In recent rulings arbitrated by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), China has won a poultry dispute against the United States, and a steel fastener case against the European Union.Being a WTO member, "China would have a seat at the table as negotiations commenced on the trade rules for the 21st century," Lamy said, referring to the decade-long Doha round of global trade negotiations aimed at building the next generation trading system.Even more importantly, for China, participation in the global system of rules and discipline greatly boosted investors' confidence and helped facilitate foreign direct investment in China, he said.On the other side of the coin, China's integration into the world trading system has given enormous driving force to the global economy and market opportunity to its trade partners.

BEIJING, Feb. 15 (Xinhua) -- A senior Chinese mainland official has said the government will work with Taiwan to enhance cross-Strait economic exchanges and cooperation.The mainland would this year focus on fulfilling the cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) and conducting follow-up negotiations on the pact, which took effect in September last year, Xu Mang, director of the economy bureau of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, told Xinhua in an interview.Top of the follow-up agenda was cross-Strait investment protection. The mainland hoped to reach a mutually beneficial agreement on the issue with Taiwan at an early date, with concerns of both sides respected, Xu said.Xu said the two sides should adhere to the principle of balance in negotiations, aiming for effective protection, fewer restrictions and more convenience for cross-Strait investment.Mainland and Taiwan negotiators agreed in December last year to continue discussing the investment protection agreement at the seventh round of talks scheduled for this year.The mainland would also continue this year to encourage investment in Taiwan, address Taiwan enterprises' concerns over economic transformation and development, and promote cross-Strait cooperation in finance, modern services and agriculture, Xu said.The first step in implementing the ECFA, the "early harvest program," took effect on Jan. 1, when the mainland reduced tariffs on 539 Taiwanese items, or 16 percent of imports from Taiwan, while Taiwan cut duties on 267 mainland items, 10 percent of imports from the mainland.Within two years, the duties on those products will be reduced to zero.Xu said the implementation of the early harvest program would boost trade links across the Strait.As the products receiving tariff reductions covered industries including agriculture, petrochemicals, machinery, textiles and transport, Taiwan businesses on the mainland would benefit from lower purchase costs on Taiwan raw materials, Xu said.Taiwan's small and medium-sized enterprises and low-income groups would especially benefit from the tariff reductions on exports of 18 agricultural products to the mainland, Xu said.Statistics from Taiwan showed that driven by the tariff reduction, the island's small and medium-sized enterprise export trade volume to the mainland would increase to 18 billion U.S. dollars per year."The tariff reduction policy will benefit more Taiwan compatriots," Xu said.Cross-Strait trade volume totaled 145.37 billion U.S. dollars last year, a rise of 36.9 percent year on year. The figure included 115.69 billion U.S. dollars of Taiwan exports to the mainland, up 20.2 percent. 

NANJING, April 23 (Xinhua) -- At a time when almost every commodity in China is getting more expensive, the dwindling cost of medicine is a rarity.Zhang Jinkui, a hypertension patient, buys medicines from the community health center of his neighborhood in Changzhou, a city in east China's coastal Jiangsu Province.His prescription list includes Aspirin Enteric-coated tablets, down to 1.4 yuan from 4.7 yuan (0.7 U.S. dollars) per unit, and Fosinopril Sodium Tablets, down to 41.39 yuan from 51.6 yuan per unit.Both drugs are found on the essential drug list unveiled in 2009. The list names the 307 most common western and traditional Chinese medicines, which are heavily subsidized so hospitals can sell them at cost price.A consumer buys medicines with the help of a retailer at a pharmacy in Lianyungang, east China's Jiangsu Province, March 28, 2011.All essential medicines are listed by their generic names, and drug producers compete to supply essential medicines through public procurement.Due to a long history of low government funding for state-run hospitals, which often covers only 10 percent of the hospitals' operating costs, doctors have generated income for hospitals by aggressively prescribing expensive, and sometimes unnecessary, medicines and treatments.The essential medicine system and the reform of publicly funded hospitals, two pillars of China's health reform, are designed to address high medical costs and low accessibility of medical services.In April 2009, China kicked off health reforms aimed at correcting these long-standing problems facing China's health system and easing public grievances.Two years later, the essential medicine system has reduced drug prices, but still fails to please hospitals, patients and drug producers.The system requires government-funded grassroots health clinics, including urban community health centers and rural clinics, to prescribe only essential medicines and to sell these medicines at cost price, rather than with the previous 15 percent mark-up.Such policies have brought hard times to grassroots health clinics, especially in cash-strapped areas.Song Wenzhi, a public health professor at Peking University, said "Grassroots health clinics, without the expertise to perform operations and other treatments, rely heavily on selling drug," adding that these hospitals have found themselves scraping by due to the zero percent mark-up policy.Wang Zhiying, Vice Director of the People's Hospital of Anxiang County in the city of Changde, Hunan Province, said four grassroots hospitals in Changde tested the essential medicine system as pilot projects, but the zero percent mark-up policy took away 60 to 70 percent of the hospitals' revenue.Wang was quoted by "Health News," a newspaper run by China's Ministry of Health, as saying that, due to financial difficulties, the county government had not yet channeled the 8 million yuan (1.2 million U.S.dollars) in support funds into the hospitals' accounts, resulting in the resignations of many doctors.The essential medicine system covers 60 percent of government-funded grassroots hospitals and drug prices have fallen by an average of 30 percent, said Sun Zhigang, Director of the Health Reform Office under the State Council, or China's Cabinet.According to the health reform plan for 2011, the essential medicine system will cover all government-sponsored health institutions at the grassroots level by the end of the year and drugs will be sold there at a zero percent mark-up.Song Wenzhi said the key will be the commitment of local governments to health reform and their financial input. This way, essential medicines can benefit the public without bankrupting grassroots health institutions."That would be a great sum of money." said Song, citing his own studies. "There are roughly 5,000 government-funded hospitals in China. One third of them make profits, one third barely break even, and still one third rely heavily on government subsidies."To maintain the poorest hospitals, central and local level governments would need to invest 15 billion yuan (2.3 billion U.S. dollars) each year, according to Song's estimate.

ISTANBUL, May 3 (Xinhua) -- The world's water consumption will increase by 40 percent over the next two decades and efforts to meet this demand must increase radically, the secretary-general of the 5th World Water Forum said here on Tuesday.Oktay Tabasaran said in his opening speech at the World Water Forum that "water consumption will increase by 40 percent in the coming 20 years, reaching 6.9 trillion cubic meters per year ( compared with the 4.5 trillion used currently), and an amount of 200 billion U.S. dollars must be spent annually in order to afford this."He said such figures indicated the urgent need for countries to engage in efficient cooperation with each other to address water- related issues.Some 50 out of the world's 188 countries have serious concerns in providing drinking and irrigation water, due to careless and inefficient use of water, according to Ismail Ugur, the general director of Turkey's State Waterworks Authority."If we fail to come up with solutions, starting from 2015 there will be droughts (in many parts of the world) and people will start suffering from diseases caused by lack of water, as of 2025, " Ugur said.Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, head of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), said that ensuring reliable access to water is crucial to promoting peace and security in the Middle East, where many countries are facing dramatic declines in available water."In some regions of the Muslim world, water availability is predicted to be cut in half by 2050, even without taking into consideration the effects of climate change," he said in his opening speech.The OIC chief called for increased cooperation among member states and countries outside the region, announcing the group's progress in preparing its own "Water Vision" document and forming an OIC Water Council to address water-related concerns."In its first phase, the Water Vision will outline a framework of cooperation on water-related issues in terms of water-sharing experience, capacity development, technology transfer, water governance and institutional reforms," Ihsanoglu said.He cited the Friendship Dam, to be constructed on the Orontes River at the Turkish-Syrian border, as an excellent example of cooperation and peace among neighboring countries in the field of water.Charity Ngilu, minister for water and irrigation of Kenya, stressed the importance of water in promoting peace, especially in regions where water scarcity prevails."There have been many conflicts caused by water scarcity not only among African countries, but even within regions of the same country," She said, adding Kenya would ask Turkey for cooperation and assistance in water management and other related issues.

来源：资阳报