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RIO DE JANEIRO, Aug. 31 (Xinhua) -- The Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiroe may have an unprecedented dengue fever epidemic next summer, its mayor warned on Wednesday.The increasing number of dengue fever cases in the past few months shows similarities to the months predecing the 2002 and 2008 epidemics, Mayor Eduardo Paes said."Everything points to a new cycle of the disease, certainly the worst epidemic in Rio's history," he said.In 2008, Rio registered some 250,000 cases of dengue fever, with 174 people confirmed dead from the disease. In 2002, Rio had some 290,000 dengue fever cases and 91 people died.In efforts to halt the spread of the disease, Paes has declared a state of alert and is determined to take a series of measures to eliminate the habitat of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which transmits dengue fever through its bite.Paes also announced an increase in the number of health care units for dengue fever patients. The total cost of a dengue prevention and combat program, which is expected to last until April 2012, will reach 42 million reais (26.25 million U.S. dollars).There is no vaccine against dengue fever, but Brazilian scientists are currently working on one which will immunize against four types of the disease.

LOS ANGELES, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The size of low-oxygen zones created by respiring bacteria is extremely sensitive to changes in depth caused by oscillations in climate, thus posing a distant threat to marine life, a new study suggests."The growth of low-oxygen regions is cause for concern because of the detrimental effects on marine populations -- entire ecosystems can die off when marine life cannot escape the low- oxygen water," said lead researcher Curtis Deutsch, assistant professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at University of California, Los Angeles."There are widespread areas of the ocean where marine life has had to flee or develop very peculiar adaptations to survive in low- oxygen conditions," Deutsch said in the study to be published in an upcoming print edition of the journal Science.A team led byDeutsch used a specialized computer simulation to demonstrate for the first time that fluctuations in climate can drastically affect the habitability of marine ecosystems.The study also showed that in addition to consuming oxygen, marine bacteria are causing the depletion of nitrogen, an essential nutrient necessary for the survival of most types of algae."We found there is a mechanism that connects climate and its effect on oxygen to the removal of nitrogen from the ocean," Deutsch said. "Our climate acts to change the total amount of nutrients in the ocean over the timescale of decades."Low-oxygen zones are created by bacteria living in the deeper layers of the ocean that consume oxygen by feeding on dead algae that settle from the surface. Just as mountain climbers might feel adverse effects at high altitudes from a lack of air, marine animals that require oxygen to breathe find it difficult or impossible to live in these oxygen-depleted environments, Deutsch said.Sea surface temperatures vary over the course of decades through a climate pattern called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, during which small changes in depth occur for existing low-oxygen regions, Deutsch said. Low-oxygen regions that rise to warmer, shallower waters expand as bacteria become more active; regions that sink to colder, deeper waters shrink as the bacteria become more sluggish, as if placed in a refrigerator."We have shown for the first time that these low-oxygen regions are intrinsically very sensitive to small changes in climate," Deutsch said in remarks published Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science on its website. "That is what makes the growth and shrinkage of these low-oxygen regions so dramatic."Molecular oxygen from the atmosphere dissolves in sea water at the surface and is transported to deeper levels by ocean circulation currents, where it is consumed by bacteria, Deutsch said."The oxygen consumed by bacteria within the deeper layers of the ocean is replaced by water circulating through the ocean," he said. "The water is constantly stirring itself up, allowing the deeper parts to occasionally take a breath from the atmosphere."A lack of oxygen is not the only thing fish and other marine life must contend with, according to Deutsch. When oxygen is very low, the bacteria will begin to consume nitrogen, one of the most important nutrients that sustain marine life."Almost all algae, the very base of the food chain, use nitrogen to stay alive," Deutsch said. "As these low-oxygen regions expand and contract, the amount of nutrients available to keep the algae alive at the surface of the ocean goes up and down. "Understanding the causes of oxygen and nitrogen depletion in the ocean is important for determining the effect on fisheries and fish populations, he said.

LONDON, Sept. 22 (Xinhua) -- A British publisher on Thursday issued an "unauthorized autobiography" of the founder of the controversial Wikileaks website Julian Assange.Assange became a global figure after he published 250,000 secret United States diplomatic cables on his Wikileaks website, which became a serious embarrassment to the American government.He was then accused by two women of rape when he was in Sweden. Swedish police said they wanted to question him, and issued a European Arrest Warrant in 2010 for him.Assange, 40, denies the allegations and surrendered himself to police in London at the end of 2010, and the Swedish authorities applied for his extradition to face questioning.Assange fought the extradition bid in the English courts, fearing that he could face further extradition from Sweden to the United States where he could face criminal charges related to the publishing of the secret cables, but failed.He appealed against the extradition ruling in July and a final decision on the case will be made by senior English judges, probably before Christmas.Assange agreed to cooperate with Edinburgh-based publisher Canongate in publishing an autobiography and had 50 hours of interviews with a ghostwriter between January and March this year, while he was on bail awaiting an outcome of the extradition hearings.He received a 500,000 pound advance (about 768,000 U.S. dollars) for the book.Publisher's spokesman Liz Sich told Xinhua Thursday, "It's an unauthorized autobiography -- it is his words. He was contracted to write his autobiography in December; a ghostwriter was assigned to it, approved by the publisher and Julian and an intense amount of work was done in the first three months of 2011. The first draft was delivered on schedule at the end of March. After that there was an hiatus and nothing happened; in June Julian decided he wanted to tear up the contract."Assange has opposed publication, but Sich said, "It is very much Julian's words, it is written in the first person. He didn't want it to be published but he was in breach of his contract. He couldn't pay the advance back because he had used it to pay his lawyers."The book is available only in English at the moment, but a Dutch publisher and a Turkish publisher said they would print translations in their languages, and other foreign language editions are also likely.

BEIJING, Sept. 1 (Xinhua) -- Medicine prices at public clinics have been notably reduced thanks to a policy that promotes basic medicine, an office of the State Council said Thursday.Current price levels of basic medicine used by government-funded township hospitals and community clinics have been reduced an average of 25 percent from the levels two years ago when the policy started, according to a statement from the State Council office in charge of reforming the country's healthcare program.China has introduced a state list of basic medicine used by government-funded township hospitals and community clinics, which includes roughly 300 types of commonly-used Western and traditional Chinese medicine.Provincial governments will purchase basic medicine through public bidding and distribute them to local clinics.These clinics must not raise the prices of listed medicine and in return, the government will provide them with subsidies.The policy has been implemented at all township and community clinics in all the 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the Chinese mainland, the statement said. 

BEIJING, Aug. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- Married patients are more likely than single ones to survive 15 years after heart surgery, according to a study online in the Health Psychology.Researchers of the study tracked 225 people who underwent coronary bypass surgery from 1987 to 1990. They found that 124 patients of them, or about 55 percent, survived for at least the next 15 years. And 61 percent of the married patients and 30 percent of the unmarried survived.Kathleen King, lead author of study, said that the close connection to another person in a marriage lengthened patients’ lives."Marriage gives you purpose in life, and feeling like you have a reason to live is an important part of doing the things you need to do to stay alive," Harry T. Reis, co-author of the study, said. "Married people also help each other; remind each other it's time to take their pills. And they probably eat healthier."However, the marriage quality had different effects on the survival odds between men and women. Men who had bypass surgery lived longer by virtue of simply being married, regardless of how happy or miserable the union, but the marriage quality had more impact on women's survival after surgery. 83 percent of the happily married women had survived, compared with 28 percent of the less happily married women and 27 percent of the single women. Among the men, 83 percent of the happily married were still alive, compared with 60 percent of the less happily married and 36 percent of the single."The most dramatic thing to me is [that] just being married, especially if you had a happy marriage, had that big an effect 15 years later," King told ABCNews.com.Marriage does not only have a positive effect on the survival of patients after heart surgery, but also benefits patients with other diseases.In recent years, a number of studies have showed several apparent health benefits of marriage. For instance, it might slightly add the odds of survival from colon cancer and help reduce pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients.