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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - County health officials reported 253 new COVID-19 cases and three new deaths Sunday, raising the region's totals to 38,300 cases and 682 deaths, as some local businesses prepared to re-open indoor operations Monday.Three men in their 80s died. All three had underlying medical conditions.Of the 5,360 tests reported, 5% returned positive. This is one of the two criteria now being used by the state to loosen or tighten restrictions on activities.The 14-day rolling average of positive tests is 3.7%, well below the state's 8% guideline. The seven-day average number of tests performed in the county is 6,775.Of the total positive cases, 3,099 -- or 8.1% -- have required hospitalization since the pandemic began, and 750 -- or 2% -- were admitted to an intensive care unit.County health officials reported two new community outbreaks as of Saturday, bringing the number of outbreaks in the past week to 19. One outbreak was in a health care setting and one in a business setting.The number of community outbreaks remains well above the county's goal of fewer than seven in a seven-day span. A community setting outbreak is defined as three or more COVID-19 cases in a setting and in people of different households in the past 14 daysGov. Gavin Newsom released a new state system Friday that sorts counties into one of four tiers based on the extent of the area's COVID-19 outbreak,Restaurants, places of worship, movie theaters and museums will be allowed starting Monday to maintain up to 25% occupancy or 100 people -- whichever is less. Gyms may operate with 10% occupancy. Hair salons, barbershops and nail salons may operate indoors with normal capacity.Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer, said the county would follow state guidelines that indicate retail businesses are to be restricted to 50% occupancy.All indoor businesses must still abide by social distancing- and face-covering mandates, as well as having a detailed safe reopening plan on file with the county.Wooten said San Diego County had made it to "tier 2," the only county in Southern California to earn that designation. The county still has a "substantial" COVID-19 presence, but unlike Orange, Riverside, Los Angeles and Imperial counties it is not considered "widespread."The two metrics the state was monitoring in that tier list include an old one -- the percentage of positive tests -- and a new one -- the number of daily new cases per 100,000 people. San Diego County is at 3.8% and 5.8 per 100,000 respectively. To make it to the next tier, the county must show rates of between 2% and 4.9% positive tests and between 1 and 3.9 new daily cases per 100,000 population.Because the county currently exceeds one of those numbers, it cannot start its path to the next tier.County Supervisor Nathan Fletcher said he felt the county was moving too quickly to reopen and should take a more measured response."My concerns are with the size, scope and speed of what is being reopened on Monday," he said. "While there are some lower risk entities that could safely reopen at this point, what we are doing is very similar to what we did in June with a large segment of indoor operations all opening at the same time. This led to a large increase in cases and required new restrictions."But even though I prefer a different path, the decision has been made and I will continue to work tirelessly to help us find a way to slow the spread, support our schools, and continue to help our community through this difficult time," Fletcher said.According to Wooten, there is a 21-day mandatory wait time before any county can move between tiers, and a county must meet the metrics for the next tier for two straight weeks. Also, a county may only move one tier at a time. 3777

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - At least one person was killed Saturday in a three- vehicle collision on the San Diego (5) Freeway in San Diego, authorities said.The crash was reported at 5:07 a.m. on the northbound San Diego Freeway at Via De La Valle South, according to the California Highway Patrol.A white sedan, motorcycle and unknown vehicle were involved in the crash, the CHP said.All northbound traffic was stopped just south of Del Mar Heights Road and taken off the freeway at that exit, the CHP said. 507

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A new indictment unsealed Thursday against the owner/operators of San Diego-based pornographic website GirlsDoPorn.com alleges that co-owner Michael James Pratt -- who remains on the lam on federal sex trafficking charges -- also produced pornographic content involving a 16-year- old girl. Pratt was charged in a complaint last month along with three others with sex trafficking by force, fraud and coercion for allegedly filming victims under the guise of distributing the videos only to private clients, then disseminating the videos online without the victims' knowledge or consent. The new indictment adds two additional defendants and charges of production of child pornography and sex trafficking of a minor against Pratt alone, with the incidents allegedly occurring in September 2012. RELATED: San Diego porn case: Civil trial against GirlsDoPorn.com website operators beginsThe indictment also names website co-owner Matthew Isaac Wolfe; porn actor Ruben Andre Garcia; administrative assistant Valorie Moser; Amberlyn Dee Nored, allegedly one of the reference women accused of lying to victims about the nature of the work; and a sixth defendant whose name is redacted. According to the U.S. Attorney's Office, numerous young women who initially responded to ads for modeling jobs were allegedly deceived by the defendants to appear in adult films. Once the victims learned the work involved pornography, the defendants allegedly told them the videos would be distributed to private clients -- usually living overseas -- and not disseminated on the internet. To help convince the women to participate, reference women like Nored were allegedly hired to lie to the women and claim they had also filmed pornographic videos for the defendants, which were never posted on the internet. RELATED: San Diego porn site owners, employees charged with sex traffickingProsecutors allege the women were ``pressured into signing documents without reviewing them and then threatened with legal action or outing if they failed to perform.'' Others were not allowed to leave the shoots -- which were conducted at various San Diego hotels -- until the videos were completed, which sometimes involved sex acts the victims initially declined to perform, prosecutors allege. The defendants are also currently involved in a San Diego civil trial involving a lawsuit filed by 22 women who appeared in videos on the site. The allegations in that trial -- which began in mid-August -- mirror the new federal charges. In that case, the victims are seeking more than million in damages and ownership rights to the videos they appeared in. RELATED: San Diego, Mexico officials lead effort to end human traffickingA motions hearing in the federal case is scheduled for Dec. 13. 2789

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Masked intruders threatened a couple with guns and slashed the male victim with a knife today during a daybreak residential robbery in a Corridor-area neighborhood.The 27-year-old man and 20-year-old woman awoke at their residence in the 3200 block of Bramson Place about 6:30 a.m. to find the thieves next to their bed, pointing guns at them and demanding valuables, according to San Diego police. One of the intruders held a knife to the man's throat, Officer Robert Heims said.During the robbery, the male victim suffered several cuts, Heims said.Details on the severity of the wounds were not released.The thieves stole an unknown amount and type of items from the couple before fleeing, according to police. 738