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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

BEIJING, Oct. 3 (Xinhuanet) -- Ziqian (not his real name, but an avatar he uses online) is in Paris working on his master's degree, but he stays in close touch with his contacts in China through Sina Corp's Weibo, a micro blog platform. It was a pleasant way to keep up with acquaintances. But that all changed when Ziqian quoted a blog post from an alumnus of his alma mater, Nanjing University, on July 5. It said the school did not organize students to sing Red songs ahead of July 1, the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Ziqian suddenly found himself inundated with comments from enraged bloggers whom he didn't know. He had lost all integrity, they said.Ziqian spent the whole night arguing with one netizen who assailed him with insults. He was left feeling tired and puzzled.He said he would have given up micro-blogging altogether as "purely useless", but he uses it to stay in touch with his girlfriend.Micro-blogging has been growing rapidly, dwarfing the many other forms of social networking that came into being only three or four years ago.Famed for spreading messages almost instantly and supervising the doings of agencies and organizations, micro blogs have already won some notable battles.In March, micro-bloggers persuaded the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to spare 600 old trees that were to be cut down; they also organized assistance to earthquake victims in Japan.In July, they brought the Red Cross Society of China and other philanthropies under scrutiny.But, like everything in life, there is also a downside to micro-blogging.In the Weibo-dominated virtual world, Ziqian's experience has proved a common occurrence. A 28-year-old woman, surnamed Zhang, who declined to disclose her full name, works at a TV station in Jiangsu province. She recounted her recent encounter with online abusive remarks.After watching a popular talent show, Zhang wrote half-jokingly online - without using her real name - that the program was boring and lacked imagination. Regarding herself as an "industry insider", Zhang believed her reasoning had some objective basis.Nevertheless, she was soon confronted with a wave of criticism, some of it vulgar, saying she had no appreciation for the arts."I was very depressed by the comments. It's like you get kidnapped by mainstream opinion," she said. "I lost the desire to share my views with others.""I respect the freedom of speech doctrine, and everyone is allowed to publicize his or her thoughts," Zhang wrote in a separate post. "But don't hurl random assaults at others and take for granted that whatever you say is truth."Micro blogs have also made some ordinary people famous, though not in the way they would like.Zhang Mingyi, 22, is one such person.After appearing on a dating show on Shanghai-based Dragon TV, she said her micro blog inboxes were filled every day with letters lashing out at her, because of her open enthusiasm for Japanese culture and a failed marriage.Some netizens are relentless in their resentment of her. Even her micro blog followers received warnings to stay away from the "quisling". One such message read: "Go tell her to marry a Japanese man. Don't act so shamelessly in China".Similarly, Guo Meimei, now a household name, said she was being stalked and even threatened in early September, after she bragged in a micro blog post about her wealth and - untruthfully - claimed to hold a position at the Red Cross Society of China.Bloggers launched a vast campaign boycotting a song she released online and an online game she endorsed. They satirized her plastic surgeries and gossiped about her whereabouts. In a recent interview with China Daily, Guo said the animosity she stirred was so intense that she had even considered suicide."I feel like I am an enemy of the state," she said. "The truth is that I am just a stupid girl who did something really stupid. No matter what I do, nobody wants to forgive me."Celebrities are more likely to become the targets of the word-of-mouth maelstrom online. Yang Lan, for instance, a famous TV anchorwoman, came under tremendous pressure as bloggers dug into her connections with China-Africa Hope Project, an organization set up by a prominent philanthropist, Lu Junqing, that became controversial because he empowered his 24-year-old daughter to manage the charity's substantial donated funds.Bloggers questioned whether the purpose of Lu's initiative was charity or cashing in on donators. Rumors held sway on micro blogs.A recent study from University of Michigan suggests that it is crucial that people distinguish between the truth and unfounded rumors in online social media, where vast amounts of information are easily spread across a large network by sources of unverified authority.According to Xie Gengyun, author of the 2010 China Micro Blog Annual Report and deputy dean at the Arts and Humanities Research Institute at Shanghai Jiaotong University, micro blogs can generate and spread unfounded rumors, such as the "Shanxi earthquake" and "Louis Cha's death"."Micro-bloggers are currently the better-educated people in China. But users will soon include those at the grassroots level, and the function of micro blogs will change from celebrity-watching to online socializing and venting about life's disappointments," Xie said.China's Internet, with more registered users than any other nation, is a lively forum for public opinion, said Xinhua News Agency. But "concocting rumors is itself a social malady, and the spread of rumors across the Internet presents a massive social threat."The micro blog platform tends to breed more rumors and assaults than other channels because of the limited amount of characters each post can use, according to Xiong Yihan, a sociologist with Fudan University."The word limit has made it hard to present a balanced and fair opinion. Besides, posts with extreme views are more likely to be forwarded online, because they satisfy people's thirst for the unknown," Xiong said.Xiong said Internet companies should suspend the accounts of users who spread rumors or libelous statements.

BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- The People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, said Wednesday that China will continue its prudent monetary policy next year while making the policy more targeted, flexible and forward-looking.The announcement came after the conclusion of the annual central economic work conference Wednesday morning, which has set economic policy guidelines for the coming year.The central bank will maintain control over the intensity, pace and focus of macroeconomic regulation, make full use of monetary tools, tune up credit supply and promote reasonable growth in social financing, according to a statement posted on its website.The bank will improve credit structure, increase support to key sectors and weak areas, especially to agriculture, small and medium-sized enterprises and affordable housing construction, as well as better serve the real economy.It will continue to perfect its yuan exchange rate formation mechanism, and keep the yuan exchange rates basically stable at a reasonable and balanced level.Meanwhile, the bank will strengthen and improve its foreign exchange management, deepen financial system reforms, prevent and solve financial risks, the statement said.

SHENYANG, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- A MD-90 aircraft left the northeastern city of Shenyang for its American home on Thursday, ending the service of the last McDonnell-Douglas jet for Chinese airlines.Chinese carriers will no longer operate MD-made jets due to growing market demands, said Lu Changchun, deputy general manager with the north China branch of China Southern Airlines, which has operated the MD-90 jet for over a decade.MD-90 jets were involved in no accidents during the decade-long-service in China, so safety concerns did not lead to their retirement, Lu said, adding about 1,000 MD-90 jets are still flying around the world.Lu, however, admitted that supply of aircraft materials was affected as the production line of MD jets shrank, after McDonnell-Douglas Cooperation was merged into Boeing in 1997.MD jets were replaced mainly because Chinese airlines need new models to accommodate air travel demands fueled by the economic boom, Lu said.The north China branch of China Southern Airlines also announced Thursday the retirement of five A300-600R planes, which are replaced by A320 family jets. China Southern Airlines began flying an Airbus A380 superjumbo in China in October.China's domestic air travel market is predicted to grow 13.9 percent annually by 2014 and transport 379 million domestic air passengers, which will make the country the world's second-largest air travel market after the United States, according to a report released by the International Air Transport Association.Back in the 1990s, a Shanghai-based aircraft maker assembled two MD-90 jets in China, Lu said, adding the two jets retired this year.Change of jets model serves the strategic transformation of China Southern Airlines and meets the market demands, Lu said.Li Jiaxiang, chief of China's civil aviation administration, estimated that over 1.5 trillion yuan (235 billion U.S. dollars) will be invested in the civil aviation industry by 2015, adding about 2,000 aircraft to the country's fleet.Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, producer of China's first self-developed jumbo jet, the C919, has announced that it will complete the design for the passenger plane in 2012. The jet is expected to take off in 2014 and put into service in 2016.

DOHA, Jan. 19 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao met here Wednesday with Qatari Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani over bilateral ties.During the meeting, Wen said China-Qatar relations have seen rapid development although diplomatic ties between the two countries are young.Both countries have adhered to the principles of respecting each other and treating each other as equals, the premier noted.The Chinese and Qatari economies are highly complementary, and China is ready to work with Qatar to push bilateral political relations and pragmatic cooperation to higher levels from a strategic perspective, said Wen.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) meets with Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al Thani (R), the emir of Qatar, in Doha, capital of Qatar, Jan. 18, 2012.He said he has deeply felt the Arab people's friendship toward the Chinese people during his ongoing Gulf tour, which had taken him to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates before he arrived in Doha earlier Wednesday.The development of the China-Arab relations has a solid political foundation and enjoys extensive public support, Wen said, adding that both sides hope to intensify pragmatic cooperation so as to promote their socioeconomic development and bring tangible benefits to their peoples.The Chinese premier said he is confident in the future of the China-Arab relations.Noting that profound and complicated changes are taking place across West Asia and North Africa, Wen said China believes that countries in the region can solve their own problems by themselves.China supports the efforts made by Qatar and other Gulf nations in maintaining regional stability, he said, adding that the international community should play a constructive role in this regard and that China is ready to enhance communication and coordination with Qatar.The emir, for his part, said Wen's visit has yielded fruitful results and greatly improved bilateral relations.He said Qatar is committed to pushing forward friendly cooperation with China in various areas, carrying out Qatar-China cooperation projects and stepping up coordination and collaboration with China on regional and world affairs so as to lift the bilateral relations to higher levels.