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Beer is the prom king of alcoholic beverages, winning the popularity contest in terms of total volumes drunk. And because its main ingredient, barley, is sensitive to extreme drought and heat, climate change will cause undue pain for all who love their lager, new research suggests.Global warming will lead to substantial decreases in barley crop yields, causing beer shortages and a sharp rise in the price of a pint, according to a study published Monday in the journal Nature Plants."The aim of the study is not to encourage people to drink more today," said Dabo Guan, a co-author of the study and a professor of climate change economics at University of East Anglia in Norwich, United Kingdom. Instead, the study is trying to say that climate change will impact your quality of life."if you don't want that to happen -- if you still want a few pints of beer -- then the only way to do it is to mitigate climate change," Guan said. "We have to all work together to mitigate climate change." 1002

Being home more during the pandemic, and with less traffic on the roads from stay-at-home orders, many people have heard more bird calls and the sounds of nature in urban areas. Scientists now say at least one bird species has been able to adjust their bird song because of the lack of human noise to compete with.Researchers have been studying the white-crowned sparrows in and around San Francisco for more than two decades. They compare their songs in recent years with recordings made in the 1970s.They found as traffic levels increased over the decades, the lowest frequencies of the sparrows’ song rose. This allowed their song to be heard above the low hum of vehicles. The top frequencies remained the same, so the total frequency bandwidth of their communication was narrowed.Degrading their songs this way, and limiting their range, makes them less effective at deterring rivals, attracting mates, or hearing their own chicks, according to researchers. In noisy environments, birds have to sing louder, which research has shown can result in stress and can speed up a bird’s aging and disrupt their metabolisms.When stay-at-home orders and coronavirus pandemic safety measures were put in place in March, the lead researcher, Elizabeth Derryberry, remembers seeing an image of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco completely empty of cars or humans. She wondered how the sparrows were responding.They compared audio recordings of the bird songs from spring 2015 and 2016, to those taken this spring. The recordings were made in a variety of urban and rural locations around the greater San Francisco area.“We found that birds sung at lower minimum frequencies, achieving greater bandwidth songs in newly open acoustic space. An increase in frequency bandwidth results in the transmission of more information and greater vocal performance,” the study states.The samples taken in 2020 revealed the white-crowned sparrows had changed their tune, so-to-speak, and were singing softer and using a wider range of frequencies. They also were able to communicate twice as far as previous recordings.“This doubling in communication distance could elevate fitness by reducing territorial conflicts and increasing mating potential,” researchers stated.Researchers also say this explains why more people report hearing birds during the pandemic. Since the songs are traveling farther distances, humans are able to hear more of them.They also say the changes in the birds’ songs were more pronounced in urban areas compared to the rural location samples. This would make sense, they say, because the traffic noise did not change as drastically in the rural locations during the pandemic.“Our findings indicate that songbirds like white-crowned sparrows have a striking capacity to exploit newly empty soundscapes following acute but ephemeral amelioration of noise pollution, suggesting that lasting remediation might engender even more promising outcomes, such as demographic recovery and higher species diversity in urban areas,” they concluded. 3055

BREVARD COUNTY, Fla. — A Florida woman has been arrested after she allegedly beat and strangled her newborn twins to death, claiming she didn't know she was pregnant before she gave birth. Rachael Lynn Thomas, 30, told law enforcement that she gave birth to the boy and girl newborns on the toilet, according to WFTV. She said that the infants later died. An autopsy report released on Tuesday revealed that there was more to the babies' deaths than Thomas' story.According to police, Thomas called 911 from her home on Sunday "in reference to an unresponsive newborn." Thomas said she left work that morning after feeling sick. When she got home, she says she went to use the restroom and gave birth on the toilet, according to reports.Police said Thomas cut the baby boy's umbilical cord with a pair of scissors, placed him inside a blue shirt and began "cleaning up the mess," according to the arrest warrant."Baby John Doe" was pronounced dead at the hospital.When investigators went to Thomas' home, they say they found the body of a newborn girl in the trash can in a carport. Police say that it appeared as though she had tried to conceal the body with trash. Detectives say that the infant's umbilical cord was wrapped around her throat and that an object was lodged in the back of her throat. "Baby Jane Doe" was pronounced dead at the scene.According to reports, Thomas claims she didn't know she was pregnant and said that she continued to have her period until this month.Detectives said that the newborn twins suffered severe blunt force trauma to their heads.Investigators said Thomas told them “they were both dead and she got scared,” according to WFTV.Thomas was arrested on Monday afternoon and charged with child neglect and one count of tampering with evidence. On Tuesday, the charges were upgraded to one count of first-degree murder, two counts of felony murder and two counts of aggravated child abuse. Thomas has two other children. The 1-year-old and 8-year-old are now in the care of a relative, Department of Children and Families officials said. 2137

Before your food makes it to your table, or even to the grocery store, it starts here in farms across America. It's planted, grown, and picked by farmworkers."We would typically work from 5 [a.m.] to anywhere like 10, 10:30 at night, Monday through Sunday," said former farm worker Monse Gonzalez.Gonzalez grew up near the farm where she worked in northern Colorado. But, many of her former co-workers are migrant workers from Mexico on H-2A visas for the growing season, usually April through October."I don’t think they really realize how important they are to everybody else," said Gonzalez.Which is why it’s vital they stay healthy.Deb Salazar runs a mobile health unit through Salud Health Systems. Three days a week, the unit travels to different farms in the north Denver area."Without us, a lot of these folks wouldn’t have the opportunities to see anybody who’s medical. And also, because we go to them, they don’t have to miss work," said Salazar.The mobile unit provides a place for the migrant workers to get screened for diabetes, high or low blood pressure, get lab work done, and even see a medical provider for free through a federal grant."If one of their workers gets sick, it’s going to spread super quick, because they work in such close contact. And if they’re out, we’re not going to have any food," said Gonzalez."I don’t think most people realize that agriculture is the backbone of this country," said Salazar. "If we didn’t have a program to take care of the workers, then agriculture would fall, and the country would fall as well."The workers labor from sun up to sundown, making sure our food gets from the ground to the grocery store."I feel like to them, it’s the job that puts food on their family’s table," said Gonzalez.And, the tables of families all across America. 1809

Bill Cosby's retrial on aggravated indecent assault charges has been set to start April 2 in a suburban Philadelphia courtroom.Montgomery County Judge Steven T. O'Neill set the date in an order issued Friday. The order said jury selection questions and jury instructions must be submitted to the judge by March 15.The case centers on testimony from Andrea Constand, a former Temple University employee who accuses Cosby of drugging and assaulting her in January 2004. Cosby's attorneys argued that the sexual contact was consensual. 540