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The Senate on Wednesday will hold a hearing regarding the safety of vaccines, which will feature appearances by Surgeon General Dr. Jerome Adams and National Institutes of Health Director Dr. Francis Collins.The hearing, hosted by the Senate HELP Committee, will discuss the role of vaccines in preventing infectious disease outbreaks and protecting public health.Wednesday's hearing will also include information on a potential COVID-19 vaccine.Top U.S. health experts like Dr. Anthony Fauci say they are cautiously optimistic that there will be enough evidence to grant Emergency Use Authorization to top vaccine candidates by the end of 2020. However, recent polls indicate that some Americans remain skeptical about vaccines.A recent CBS News poll indicates that just 21% of American voters would receive a COVID-19 if one were made available at no cost. That's down from about 30% earlier this year. Two-thirds of those polled say they feel a vaccine would be "rushed" if a vaccine were made available this year.Fauci has said that if a potential vaccine is 75% effective against the virus, it still may not be effective in promoting inoculation levels necessary for "herd immunity" in the U.S. due to Americans' ongoing skepticism about vaccines.Nine vaccine makers banded together to sign a pledge on Tuesday to say that they will not seek Emergency Use Authorization for their vaccine candidates until scientific methods prove they are safe for widespread use. 1476

The U.S. reported yet another daily high mark for newly reported cases of COVID-19 on Thursday with nearly 188,000, according to a database kept by Johns Hopkins University.The U.S. reported at least 187,833 positive COVID-19 tests on Thursday, breaking the all-time record of 177,224 that was set six days prior, on Nov. 13.Thursday marked the eighth time in November that the U.S. broke the daily record for newly reported cases as the COVID-19 continues to spread across the country. About 2.5 million people in the U.S. have contracted the virus since the start of November.The spike in cases has led to all-time highs in hospitalizations linked to the virus. The COVID Tracking Project reports that more than 80,000 people are currently hospitalized with the virus across the country — an all-time record that surpasses even the early portions of the pandemic. According to the COVID Tracking Project, 71% of those hospitalizations occur in the Midwest and South, leading to many rural hospitals running short on resources. Some states like South Dakota and Iowa say their hospitals are at their breaking points.Thursday also saw reports of 2,000 deaths linked to the virus — the first time the U.S. has seen that many reported deaths in a single day since May 6. Since Oct. 17, daily deaths linked to COVID-19 on a seven-day rolling average have nearly doubled from about 700 a day to more than 1,300 a day. The continued spike comes amid a rash of promising news in the hope for a COVID-19 vaccine. On Friday, Pfizer announced that it had filed for Emergency Use Authorization for its vaccine candidate, two days after initial studies showed it to be 95% effective in large-scale trials. Several other drugmakers have also reported that their vaccines are on the precipice of authorization.However, health experts warn that the U.S. is in for a rough few months. Vaccines will initially need to be rationed for people in high-risk populations and health care workers. Dr. Anthony Fauci has said he believes vaccines won't be widely available until April. 2075

The shortest day in what feels like the longest year has arrived. Monday is the Winter Solstice, the day each year when there is the least amount of sunshine in the Northern Hemisphere.The Winter Solstice is the official first day of winter, which lasts until March 20, 2021. It’s when the sun appears at its most southern position in the sky.If it has felt like the world has been getting darker and darker the last six months, that’s because it kind of has been. As the sun spent less and less time shining on the Northern Hemisphere.The closer a person is to the North Pole, the less time they will see the sun. People in Nome, Alaska will only have roughly 3 hours and 54 minutes of sunshine on Monday.There will now begin to be slightly more daylight each day until the Summer Solstice, which is on June 20, 2021.In the Southern Hemisphere, it’s the opposite: it’s the day each year with the most sunshine and marks the beginning of summer in places like Australia, Argentina and South Africa.Many traditional celebrations on the solstice were canceled this year because of the coronavirus pandemic. Including at the world famous Stonehenge, where there is usually a large annual celebration on the solstices. 1222

The World Health Organization announced Wednesday that a coalition of nations and organizations are contributing billion to assist poorer nations fight the coronavirus.The two biggest contributors were the United Kingdom and Canada.The WHO says the “ACT-Accelerator, which was launched just five months ago, is an unprecedented global collaboration of the world’s top international health organizations working together to accelerate the development, production, and equitable delivery of COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines.”The WHO said an additional billion is needed to realize its goals of producing 2 billion vaccine doses, 245 million treatments and 500 million tests. The WHO is working with the World Bank to secure billion in funding, which has to be first ratified by its shareholders.The United States government did not contribute to the fund as the government stopped funding the WHO in April. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, however, were among the organizations to contribute to the fund.“One thing I've learned studying the history of pandemics is that they create a surprising dynamic when it comes to self-interest and altruism,” Bill Gates said. “Pandemics are rare cases where a country’s instinct to help itself is tightly aligned with its instinct to help others. The self-interested thing and the altruistic thing–making sure poor nations have access to vaccines–are one and the same.”The UK contributed 1 million to help poorer nations in providing support to battle the virus.“We have a duty to ensure vaccines, treatments and tests for COVID-19 are available to all—stopping the global spread of the pandemic protects the British people and will put humanity on the road to recovery. Collaboration through the ACT-Accelerator is critical to promoting development, production and access for all countries,” said UK Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab. 1906

The showdown over mail-in ballots is expected to heat up this week.Democrats are calling back Congress to vote on legislation to prevent the U.S. Postal Service from changing any of its operations. A House committee also called an emergency hearing for next week to address mail delays and concerns the White House is interfering.The USPS is removing hundreds of mail processing machines across the country and has warned 46 states that it may not be able to process all mail-in ballots in time to be counted for the election.“Are we going to force people to have to choose between their fundamental right to vote and their health?” asked Shaundra Scott with the South Carolina Democratic Party. “The American voters are going to be very frustrated that we may not know who the winner is until frankly December.”Political experts agree the presidential race, pandemic and mail-in voting will all lead to massive increases in voter turnout and probably a lot of contested results.Some states have streamlined mail-in and absentee voting for years. However, other states are rushing to change their voting process because of the pandemic.“When things like that happen, it doesn't inspire confidence. It leads to the fear that people who shouldn't be voting may potentially be voting or people that should vote are not going to get ballots because of a snafu,” said Matt Klink, a GOP strategist with Klink Campaigns.For example, New York changed the rules to make it easier to vote by mail ahead of the primary, and it provided pre-paid envelopes. But those envelopes were not postmarked, or they were returned late. And there were other issues like ballots that weren't signed. That led to one out of four mail-in ballots being disqualified.But voting by mail could close the gap on inequities.“Yes, there are rules and regulations that say your employer should give you two hours to be able to vote but if you’re working hourly and you’re working on a job that is shift based, even though voting is extremely important, taking away that two hours of pay from someone and them having to make that decision is huge,” said Scott.Some expert say Republicans fear mail-in ballots would capture new Democratic voters, but seniors also benefit from absentee and mail-in voting. They often skew red, according to the Brookings Institute.A major study of California, Utah, and Washington state's elections between 1996 and 2018 found there was no partisan advantage to voting by mail. 2482

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