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WASHINGTON, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) -- An enzyme that appears to play a role in controlling the brain's response to nicotine and alcohol in mice might be a promising target for a drug that simultaneously would treat nicotine addiction and alcohol abuse in people, U.S. researchers find.Over the course of four weeks, mice genetically engineered to lack the gene for protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon consumed less of a nicotine-containing water solution than normal mice, and were less likely to return to a chamber in which they had been given nicotine. In contrast, normal mice steadily increased their consumption of nicotine solution while the mice lacking PKC epsilon did not.The study conducted by researchers at the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, appeared Monday in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.In normal mice, as in humans, nicotine binds to a certain class of nicotinic receptors located on dopamine neurons, which causes dopamine to be released in the brain. Dopamine creates a feeling of enjoyment, and thus prompts a sense of reward. Researchers found that mice lacking PKC epsilon are deficient in these nicotinic receptors.The finding complements earlier research in which researchers found that mice genetically engineered to lack the PKC epsilon enzyme drank less alcohol than normal mice and were disinclined to return to a chamber in which they had been given alcohol."This could mean that these mice might not get the same sense of reward from nicotine or alcohol," said Gallo senior associate director and investigator Robert Messing. "The enzyme looks like it regulates the part of the reward system that involves these nicotinic receptors."The reward system is a complex of areas in the brain that affect craving for nicotine, alcohol and other addictive substances.The next step in the research, said Messing, would be to develop compounds that inhibit PKC epsilon. The ultimate goal, he added, would be medications that could be used "to take the edge off of addiction by helping people get over some of their reward craving."

BEIJING, Aug. 13 (Xinhua) -- The quality of the products China exported to the European Union (EU) improved during the first half of this year due to strict quality control measures, according to quality control authorities.The number of quality complaints made by the EU regarding Chinese imports declined by 45 percent in the first half of 2011, according to the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ).The administration attributed the improved quality to its nationwide crackdown on counterfeited and substandard products.The administration launched a nationwide quality checkup in the first half of this year. Of the 4,815 batches of products that the quality control authorities checked between January and June, just 9.4 percent failed quality tests, 1.7 percentage points lower than that of the same period of last year, according to the administration.A total of 218,000 counterfeiting cases have been investigated so far this year, involving goods worth a total of 9.5 billion yuan (1.49 billion U.S. dollars), the administration said.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 6 (Xinhua) -- Apple's chief executive officer Steve Jobs on Monday took a break from his medical leave to introduce the company's new cloud-based service iCloud.Jobs, in his trademark black turtleneck and jeans, got a standing ovation in San Francisco's Moscone Center when he appeared on stage. Someone screamed "I love you," and Jobs said " it always helps and I appreciated it.""ICloud stores your content in the cloud and wirelessly pushes it to all your devices," said Jobs, calling it Apple's "next big insight."According to Apple, iCloud Backup will automatically back up users' iOS devices to iCloud daily over Wi-Fi when they charge their iPhone, iPad or iPod touch. Backup content includes purchased music, apps, camera roll, device settings and app data. It will also automatically upload documents from iWork in the cloud and pushes them to users' all relevant devices.The service will currently be free and replaces the former MobileMe which Apple once charged 99 U.S. dollars per year.Users will get five gigabytes of memory which is not counting purchased apps, music or books. A beta version is available on Monday and the final version will be shipping with iOS 5 this fall, with paid plans for more storage to be announced at that time.For a 24.99-dollar paid music plan named iTunes Match, a user's iTunes library will be scanned and they will gain instant access to those tracks or albums from compatible devices, rather than uploading them. Song files, including those converted from CDs, will also be uploaded to iCloud if they are not matched in iTunes stores but recognized by music labels.Jobs pointed out that iTunes Match paid plan is cheaper than Amazon's offering and Google has not announced a price yet, saying "it's an industry leading effort."The Apple CEO finally showed a photo of the company's new, massive data center in North Carolina to emphasize Apple is ready for iCloud service.Before Jobs, Apple executives introduced Lion, the eighth major release of Mac OS X and iOS 5, the next version of Apple's mobile operating system.Phil Schiller, Apple's marketing chief and Craig Federighi, the OS X software vice president, introduced ten key new features among the 250 ones of the new Mac operating system, including multi-touch features that bring the users experience on iPhone to their computers.Lion will be available to customers in July in Mac App Store. The price is adjusted to 29.99 dollars from 129 dollars Apple used to charge for upgrades.Scott Forstall, head of Apple's iOS software, demoed Apple's new mobile operating system, noting that iOS already has 44 percent of the mobile operating system market.The new version iOS 5 will have more than 200 new features, including a Notification Center that catches missed calls, mail messages and phone messages; and a feature called Reminder that provides virtual Post-it notes using geolocation technology.The new mobile operating system also integrates Twitter with many other iPhone apps and has a Newsstand on which the newspaper and magazines icons will be the actual covers of the publications.Apple said that iOS 5 is coming to the public this fall, which probably means the new iPhone is coming in the fall as well.Apple's new services are unveiled at its annual Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC). Jobs kicked off the keynote event by saying that Apple had sold out 5,200 tickets to attendees just in two hours.

BEIJING, Aug. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- The search giant Google admits it sees the new Google+ social network as an "identity service" or platform on which it can build other products, according to media reports.Google chariman Eric Schmidt said Google isn't interested in changing its policies to accommodate users such as political dissidents or others who prefer to remain anonymous: If people want to remain anonymous, then they shouldn't use Google+."Fundamentally, [Google+] depends on people using their real names if they're going to build future products that leverage that information," NPR's Andy Carvin wrote in a post on Google+ as he paraphrased Schmidt's remarks.Critics say the move is harmful to political activists, victims of harassment and numerous other groups for whom using a real name online might pose a safety risk, according to CNN reports."Regarding people who are concerned about their safety, [Schmidt] said G+ is completely optional," Carvin wrote.Meanwhile, according to Carvin, Schmidt also said "the Internet would be better if we knew you were a real person rather than a dog or a fake person. Some people are just evil and we should be able to ID them and rank them downward."

JIUQUAN, Gansu, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Engineers are conducting the final preparations before launching China's first space laboratory module at the end of this week at a launch center in northwest China.The unmanned Tiangong-1 module was originally scheduled to be launched into low Earth orbit between Sept. 27 and 30. However, a weather forecast showing the arrival of a cold air mass at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center forced the launch to be rescheduled for Sept. 29 or 30, depending on weather and other factors."This is a significant test. We've never done such a thing before," said Lu Jinrong, the launch center's chief engineer.A full ground simulation was conducted on Sunday afternoon to ensure that the module and its Long March 2F carrier rocket are prepared for the actual launch.Cui Jijun, commander-in-chief of the launch site system and director of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, told Xinhua that they developed a new target spacecraft for the mission and made more than 170 technical improvements to the Long March 2F, China's manned orbital carrier rocket.Engineers have also made more than 100 updates at the launch site in order to make it compatible with the Tiangong-1, Cui added.The module will conduct docking experiments after entering orbit, which is the first step in China's space station program.Cui said the launch site has an updated computer center and command monitoring system and increased ability to adapt to changes in mission conditions, as well as the resources to handle both the launch and command duties. An integrated simulation training system for space launching has also been developed for the docking mission.The mission comes just one month after the Long March 2C rocket malfunctioned and failed to send an experimental satellite into orbit. The Tiangong-1 mission was subsequently rescheduled in order to allow engineers to sort out any problems that might occur during the launch.Cui said that engineers conducted a two-month comprehensive technical check on equipment at the launch site from March to May. The safety and reliability of all the instruments have been significantly improved."[The launch site] has the full conditions to conduct the Tiangong-1 mission," said Cui.The Tiangong-1 will remain in orbit for two years. During its mission, it will dock with China's Shenzhou-8, -9 and -10 spacecrafts.Unmanned docking procedures will be an essential step toward China achieving its goal of establishing a manned space station around 2020.

来源：资阳报