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WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

BEIJING, March 27 (Xinhua) -- China's search giant Baidu has pledged to remove all unauthorized literary works from its free online literary database Wenku within three days.After receiving requests from copyright owners to remove their works, Baidu has sped up its process of checking for unauthorized items. The unauthorized works were uploaded by Internet users to Wenku without prior approval from the authors, a spokesman for the Chinese search engine giant said in a statement.In the statement issued Saturday, Baidu apologized for what has "hurt the feelings of a certain number of writers" during Wenku's previous stage of operation, according to a report published Sunday by daily newspaper The Beijing News.Baidu said it respects copyright laws and will continue to cooperate with publishers and writers to establish a revenue-sharing model that will ensure that copyright owners receive a share of revenues from online versions of their works.Hailing Baidu's move to remove the unauthorized works, Wang Yefei, deputy head of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Copyrights hopes that Baidu and the publishers should work together to find win-win methods of mutual cooperation, according to the newspaper.However, some writers involved in the copyright row are dissatisfied with remedies Baidu has so far taken.Shen Haobo, CEO of Beijing Motie Book Co. Ltd, one of the six negotiators representing writers in Thursday's negotiations, told the Beijing Youth Daily that Baidu apologized only because of public pressure, but it did not mean to alter its current operation model for Wenku."Without changes in the operation model, the unauthorized works, even if removed now, could be uploaded again sometime later. Besides, it's unacceptable that Baidu reiterated that it had not infringed on our copyright," Shen was quoted as saying.Popular writer and blogger Han Han posted an open letter he wrote to Baidu's CEO Li Yanhong in his blog, indicating that he might take further actions to uphold his rights if Baidu's stance remains unchanged.Baidu's online literary database Wenku is an open platform for online resource sharing. It has been in operation since 2009.More than 40 Chinese writers posted an open letter online on March 15, accusing Baidu of stealing their works and infringing on their copyrights. Baidu's Wenku database was blamed for allowing literary works to become available online without the authors' prior approval.Baidu was asked to make a public apology, compensate for the writers' losses and halt any cases of copyright infringement.

BEIJING, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- China's 11 government departments have jointly released a guideline outlining major measures to lessen noise pollution amid rising noise disputes and complaints, the Ministry of Environmental Protection said Tuesday.The ministry's spokesperson, Tao Detian, said Tuesday the country saw rising complaints about noise pollution, which has caused an increasingly negative impact on the living environment in recent years.The 26-article guideline focuses on addressing noise pollution in fields including industry, construction, traffic and people's daily lives.Further, the regulation bans businesses from using acoustic instruments outdoors to lure customers.Also, heavy noise polluters are banned from entering industrial parks, according to the guideline.Moreover, motor vehicles should strictly observe speed limits, traffic restrictions and use of auto horns around "noise-sensitive buildings" such as hospitals, schools, government organs, scientific research institutions and residential buildings, it said.According to the guideline, government departments would also impose higher fines on noise polluters and collect fees for "discharges of excessive noise," in accordance with law.The newly issued document calls on various government agencies, such as the ministries on environmental protection, science and technology, public security, finance, housing, transportation and railways, to make coordinated efforts to curb pollution.Further, government organs could launch regular inspection campaigns in major cities, it said.According to the guideline, government agencies will set up a system to examine sound-proof qualities of civilian buildings and provide a list of major noise pollution sources by the end of this year.Also, the guideline ordered major cities to establish an automatic noise monitoring system and to equip each city in the country with at least one noise display screen by the end of 2011.

来源：资阳报