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As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, researchers say it is important to track how the coronavirus mutates because it could affect the efficacy of a vaccine.Like all living cells, viruses evolve their chemical make-up changes. In viruses like the flu, that happens frequently, which is why every year there is a new vaccine to treat whatever strain is expected to circulate. With COVID-19, however, those mutations happen much slower, according to research out of Arizona State University.“One of the things we’re still keeping an eye on is the evolution of this virus because that virus is still around in the community,” said Dr. Efrem Lim, an assistant professor at ASU. “Everyone is coming in blind to this. This is a novel virus. This isn’t something we have seen before.”In March, Arizona State University played host to our country’s fourth COVID-19 case. As soon as it was detected, Dr. Lim started studying how the virus mutates and sent his findings to the World Health Organization. It's something that still continues to this day.“This virus, overall, mutates pretty slowly, which is a good thing,” said Dr. Lim. “However, we can have instances where the virus can have very large, dramatic, mutations, such as deletions in the genome.”While rare, Dr. Lim says those mutations can be significant as it changes how the virus acts inside the body.Currently, scientists are focusing much of their efforts on identifying ways to eliminate the function of the spike protein in COVID-19, as it is the way the virus binds to our cells and infects them (spike proteins are the stalks that protrude from the center of the virus that make it so recognizable).“It is very good news that the virus is not changing rapidly,” said ASU virologist Dr. Brenda Hogue. “We will have to see over time, as the virus continues to circulate, as we put a vaccine into play, whether or not there will be any issues.”Dr. Lim says right now there does not appear to be any issues because the virus mutates slowly, but he adds it could adapt to a vaccine once one begins to circulate.He says more testing needs to be done to determine that, however. 2140

As more and more states legalize marijuana, a Colorado family and Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) want people to know about the devastating consequences of driving while high.Amanda Hill loved all things animal. The 24-year-old had landed a coveted internship at the Denver Zoo and was well on her way to becoming a vet tech.“She was like an animal whisperer,” said Amanda’s mother, Denise Hill. “She loved animals. Animals made her feel better. She didn’t always get along with humans as she did with animals.”The two were extremely close. Denise says on a sunny June day near Denver, Colorado, the two worked in the garage until Amanda had to leave for an appointment.“I’m thankful that when she left, I gave her a hug and told her I loved her,” said Denise.Then, she got a phone call.“I picked the phone up and instead, it was that phone call that every parent dreads,” said the mother.On a road that Amanda travels all the time, and in the middle of the afternoon, she was hit head on.“And the impact was such that the sheriff who showed up later said its typically not survivable at the level they recorded,” Denise said.While the medical staff worked to save her life, they let Ed and Denise Hill have a few moments with their daughter.“We got those precious few seconds to tell her we loved her,” said Denise. “The last thing I told her was you’re going to be okay.”Amanda didn't make it. Two years later, her parents are keeping her memory alive, fighting for tougher laws for people who drive while high on marijuana. They believe the sentence that was handed down to the driver who caused the accident that killed their daughter was too lenient.“There’s so much that’s not understood about driving high, how long it stays in your system, what effect it truly has,” said Denise.Helen Witty, National President of Mothers Against Drunk Driving, said “I think the frightening thing is that almost half of Americans think it's okay to drive after smoking marijuana even in the first two hours.”Witty also lost her 16-year-old daughter in an accident. That driver was also drinking. And had smoked marijuana.“When she died so violently and suddenly, I always would say, my daughter would be saying, mother say something. Do something. Not mom, mother.”A new study sponsored by MADD and dedicated to Amanda Hill found that 26% of people surveyed think that driving after marijuana consumption is "not too concerning" and more than 40% of parents and grandparents reported never discussing the subject.“The legalization happened before the data is out there,” said Witty. “The data is actually that it’s different for every person”Ed and Denise Hill say they are proof of what one decision can do to a family. Amanda's loss is a painful void that they feel every day."The first thing you have to do is decide whether you want to live anymore and if you make the decision to live, then you have to decide how you’re going to live,” said Denise. “Are you going to just get through each day or is there going to be some kind of meaning in your life?”The meaning is in her memory – a life cut too short, a death that was entirely preventable. 3154

Bad news: There is a small chance an asteroid will collide with Earth. The good news: Mankind has more than 115 years to prepare for it. According to a Washington Post report, NASA is preparing for possible tactics to deflect the asteroid Bennu, which will approach Earth Sept. 21, 2135. As of today, NASA rates Bennu's chance of striking Earth at one-in-2,700.The asteroid is roughly 1,600 feet in diameter, and would not be an Earth-ending event if it struck. But that doesn't mean it couldn't cause damage, especially if it struck near a populated area. Bennu is likely dozens of times larger than the object that struck near Chelyabinsk, Russia in 2013, causing hundreds of injuries, and thousands of broken windows. The event caused nearly million in damage to roughly 7,000 buildings. The 2013 event shows that even small objects are capable of causing massive damage. In 2016, NASA launched OSIRIS-REx, which will land on the asteroid and bring back samples. The information gathered could help NASA decide what steps it would take to deflect the asteroid. According to the Washington Post, NASA is working on a plan called the Hypervelocity Asteroid Mitigation Mission for Emergency Response, or HAMMER. NASA's HAMMER plan could involve using a nine-ton bulk impactor to push Bennu out of Earth's path. Another idea would be straight out of the movie "Armageddon," using a nuclear-type device to move the asteroid. A NASA engineer involved in the study told the Washington Post all of these ideas are theoretical. “We’re doing these design studies to prepare ourselves, so if we do find a threatening object, we’re better prepared to deal with it,” Brent W. Barbee, NASA engineer, told the Post.To read the Washington Post's full report, click here.  1855

As national rates of hospitalizations, deaths and positive cases of the coronavirus spike, CDC data shows Americans of color who contract the virus are more likely to end up in the hospital.The hospitalization rate overall for Hispanic or Latino COVID-19 patients is about 4.2 times higher than white patients. For American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Black patients, they are roughly 4 times more likely to be hospitalized than white patients.Patients between the ages of 18-49 who are Hispanic, Latino, American Indian or Alaska native are 7 times more likely than white patients of the same age to be hospitalized. Black patients between 18-and-49 years old are nearly 5 times more likely than white patients of the same age to be hospitalized.The findings are part of the CDC’s weekly report on the coronavirus pandemic in America.Weekly rates of hospitalizations have been increasing this fall since late September. Overall, the increase has been driven by patients who are older than 50. However, the CDC finds that weekly hospitalization rates among children have been increased for the last two weeks.The nationwide percent of positivity rate for specimens tested for COVID-19 is at 10.5 percent for the week ending November 7. It was 8.4 percent the week before.As of November 17, the U.S. has reported more than 11.2 million cases of the coronavirus since the pandemic started in March. Nearly a million of those cases happened in just the last week or so, as the virus spreads rapidly across the country. There have been almost 248,000 deaths in this country from the coronavirus. 1600

As President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence prepared to gather for their weekly lunch in August 2017, the President told his staff to add two more plates.Both men had just welcomed new chiefs of staff -- retired Marine Corps Gen. John Kelly and Nick Ayers, a 34-year-old Republican political consultant from Georgia -- and Trump decided to wave the pair into his private dining room off the Oval Office.Until then, a Cabinet member would occasionally join them, but the meals were largely a chance for Trump and Pence to spend time together alone, chatting about politics, policy and whatever popped into Trump's mind -- sometimes prompted by the television in the room tuned to Fox News.But in August 2017, the lunch went from a regular tête-à-tête to a four-man affair, one that became a more formal opportunity for the two offices to coordinate on strategy, policy and scheduling. For Ayers, Pence's new chief of staff, they were useful in another, perhaps more important way: he now had regular face-time with the President. With each passing lunch, Trump grew to know and like Ayers more, two sources close to the President said, allowing Ayers to build a strong personal rapport that could end up paying dividends.As the President considers replacing his chief of staff, Ayers has emerged as a top contender, multiple people familiar with the situation told CNN. Interviews with nearly two dozen current and former White House officials, former Ayers colleagues, sources close to the President and Republican congressional staffers portray an ambitious aide who has worked to insulate his current boss from the chaos of the West Wing, while also angling for a bigger job that would place him squarely in the middle of it.Trump has begun to envy the smoothly operating vice president's office, which Ayers has managed to keep distanced from the daily scrum and scandal of the White House. Ayers has cultivated key allies, including Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner. He also boasts an impressive track record in Republican politics that could serve the President well in the run-up to his 2020 re-election.But Ayers' meteoric rise has also earned him his fair share of critics, including a few inside the White House. While plans were floated earlier this month for Ayers to become the new chief of staff, multiple sources told CNN, they have stalled amid the President's reluctance to fire Kelly -- who typically does the firing for Trump -- and the backbiting Ayers has faced from some of his West Wing colleagues.Several of Trump's top advisers have voiced concerns to him about Ayers, with some threatening to quit if he is tapped for the job. One of Ayers' top West Wing detractors during the process has been Kellyanne Conway, the combative counselor to the President who vehemently opposed Ayers' hire as Pence's chief of staff last year, two former White House officials and a source familiar with the matter said.Conway disputes those allegations, telling CNN: "I have zero beef with Nick Ayers."Outside the White House, former colleagues of Ayers say his relative youth and outsized ego -- conspicuous even in a world known for naked ambition and self-aggrandizement -- have rubbed fellow political operatives the wrong way. His allies say that people are just jealous or insecure."I think every job he's ever had he's been one of the youngest people to ever have it. And I think that's threatening to some people," said Alex Conant, who worked with Ayers on former Minnesota Gov. Tim Pawlenty's 2012 presidential campaign.Though he's only 36, Ayers has amassed a small fortune that, according to recent financial disclosures, is between million to million. That's been built up through financial investments, fees generated by his own political consulting firm and his former role as a principal in an ad-buying firm called Target Enterprises, which has served as the media buyer on nearly every race Ayers has worked on since he joined in 2011.The arrangement allowed Ayers to earn a consultant's salary while also influencing campaign spending in a way that benefited him financially, a practice that is not illegal but has raised consternation among fellow consultants. A source familiar with the matter insisted all of the candidates Ayers has serviced were aware of the financial arrangement behind his consulting.Still, his finances and involvement with political dark money groups could become political baggage down the road. One of them, Freedom Frontier, for whom he consulted, is the subject of two recent ethics complaints, the most recent of which was filed with the IRS on Tuesday. That complaint, filed by Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, contends the group's political spending exceeded legal limits in violation of campaign finance laws.Efforts to reach officials with Freedom Frontier for comment were unsuccessful.  4901

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