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China has been in the media spotlight for food safety recently, but it has gone all out to ensure that its food products are safe and to restore consumer confidence home and abroad.Its efforts seem to have accelerated with the publication of the first White Paper on food safety on August 17 and the naming of Vice-Premier Wu Yi as head of a high-profile panel on product quality and safety issues. That was followed by a series of efforts by government organs to tighten food safety measures.On August 31, the country's quality watchdog officially introduced the landmark recall system for unsafe food products and toys, making producers responsible for preventing and eliminating unsafe items.Food safety became a big concern in China after a series of food contamination cases were reported from across the country. Last November, the country's food safety watchdog found seven companies supplying red-yolk eggs that contained the dangerous Sudan Red dye, which is used in the leather and fabric industries but is banned from use in food products.The same month, three people were arrested in Shanghai for adding 3-4 grams of banned steroids to each ton of pig feed to increase the proportion of lean meat. The steroids, which prevent pigs from accumulating fat, can be harmful to humans. More than 300 people fell ill after eating meat from pigs that had been fed the steroids.Also last year, carcinogenic residues were found in turbots sold in Beijing and Shanghai markets. Even international fast food giant KFC was accused of adding the carcinogenic Sudan 1 dye to its roast chicken wings.Ministry of Health figures show that in the first half of this year, China reported 134 food poisoning cases, in which 4,457 people fell ill and 96 died.Food is China's biggest industry with last year's output estimated to be 2.4 trillion yuan (5.8 billion), according to the China National Food Industry Association.Bitter stories made the rounds after people fell victim to food poisoning. In June 2006, more than 130 people contracted parasitic diseases after eating undercooked snails in a restaurant. One of them was Yang Fangfang. His family, including his parents, wife and 18-month daughter, fell ill.The Beijing Health Bureau said the infection was caused because the food was not cooked properly and because the restaurant had failed to remove eel-worms in the snails.Although Yang survived, he still complains of pain, sometimes severe, in his lower body and stomach. A gourmet before the incident, Yang now regards food as a potential threat to his life.In overseas markets, substandard exports from China since March - from pet food, drugs, toothpastes and toys to aquatic products and tires - has sparked concern over "made-in-China" products. Diethylene glycol contaminated medicine exported from China was been blamed for dozens of deaths in Panama. Deaths of some dogs and cats in North America were attributed to tainted Chinese wheat gluten.Jing Luyan, 24, who works for a Beijing-based travel agency, says she trusts the government and the media for information on food safety issues."If they say I shouldn't eat something, then I stop immediately, it's as simple as that," Jing says. Many of her colleagues and friends do the same.Pressure from home and abroad prompted the Chinese government to acknowledge that the country's food and drug safety situation was not satisfactory and that enhanced supervision was needed. At a press conference in July, China's food and drug watchdog spokeswoman Yan Jiangying said: "As a developing country, China's food and drug supervision work began late and its foundations are weak. Therefore, the food and drug safety situation is not something we can be optimistic about".The press conference was held jointly by five major ministries in charge of food safety: the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Health, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the State Food and Drug Administration.It was a rare attempt by the government to seriously address the issue, and it enumerated a series of measures to be taken. But it failed to offer a convincing mechanism for coordinating work among the five ministries, leaving the murky regulation of food safety unresolved.There have been worries over China's food safety supervision because at least five ministries are in charge of food safety and coordination among them is no easy job.Vice-Minister of Health Wang Longde went on the record as saying that new laws were needed to strengthen food safety supervision and the duties of relevant government agencies had to be coordinated. The government has stepped up efforts since then to address the issue to restore confidence in Chinese food products sold at home and abroad.China's first-ever White Paper on food safety published recently sets forth a series of achievements along with planned measures to improve food quality - from setting up a national food recall system to increasing exchanges with quality officials from other countries.Wu Yi's panel, meant to address the country's problems in food safety and product quality, partly dispelled people's concerns over lax supervision of food safety owing to too many regulators. Analysts say the newly set up panel, headed by Wu Yi, will improve supervision.The government, on its part, has started a four-month nationwide campaign to improve food safety and product quality. Wu describes the campaign as a "special battle" to ensure public health and uphold the reputation of Chinese products. The campaign will target farm produce, processed food, the catering sector, drugs, pork, imported and exported goods and products closely linked to human safety and health.Luo Yunbo, dean of the food science and nutritional engineering school of China Agricultural University, says the White Paper offers authoritative information on food safety, and the latest moves reflect the government's determination to improve product quality.The paper says the percentage of food products that passed quality inspections had risen steadily in recent years, up from 77.9 last year to 85.1 percent this year. As for small food processors, believed to be a major food safety threat in China, the paper says the country will prompt small-scale producers to form larger entities to ensure better food safety.Almost 80 percent of China's food producers operate in small workshops employing fewer than 10 workers. By the end of June, the government had weeded out 5,631 unqualified small producers, forced 8,814 to stop production and asked 5,385 to improve their standard.The number of small food producers will be halved by 2010, the quality supervision administration said after the country published its first-ever five-year plan on food safety in May. Also, the government wants to weed out all uncertified producers by 2012.The government is seriously addressing overseas concerns over Chinese food products. It has shut down the factory that supplied the tainted medicine to Panama, and two firms that exported contaminated wheat and corn protein, which ended up in pet food in the United States, killing a number of dogs and cats in North America.The country's top quality watchdog has announced that all major food exports produced from September 1 have to carry labels showing they have passed inspection to help stop illegal exports and bolster consumer confidence in the quality and safety of Chinese food products.The White Paper says the acceptance rate of Chinese foodstuffs exported to the European Union (EU) was 99.8 percent in the first half of this year, followed exports to the US (99.1 percent).Japanese quarantine authorities found Chinese food exports had the highest acceptance rate, 99.42 percent, followed by the EU (99.38 percent) and then the US (98.69 percent).But food safety cannot be improved greatly overnight, and people seem to differ on what they can do as individuals to bring about lasting change.Take Jing Luyan, for instance, who is fond of tasting different types of food, especially traditional Beijing snacks. But traditional snacks are usually cooked in shabby restaurants in small alleys."I believe that the most delicious food can hardly ever be found in swanky establishments with irreproachable hygienic conditions," says Jing.She has never fallen ill after eating at street corner stalls, she says.

The newly approved Labor Contract Law will not undermine the investment environment although it will better protect workers' interests and rights, China's top trade union body said yesterday. Liu Jichen, director of the law department at the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, denied that the law - which goes into force from January 1 next year - is biased toward employees. "It not only protects workers' interests and rights, but also equally protects employers'," he told a press conference. The law, passed on Friday by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the top legislature, had raised concerns that stricter contract requirements could raise business costs and give companies less flexibility to hire and fire employees. Liu, however, said that the law takes into account employers' interests. For example, he said, employers can sign non-competition contracts with workers, with a non-competition period of not more than two years to encourage innovation and ensure fair competition. So an employer can rest assured that an employee does not walk out at the end of the contract period and join a direct competitor. It also softens the terms under which employers can cut staff - if an enterprise switches to other production, adopts a major technological innovation or changes its mode of business. Liu stressed that the law will help create a harmonious labor relationship. "Labor protection is a worldwide trend," he said. "With working conditions improved and rights protected, employees will feel more secure, which leads to a higher productivity." Liu pointed out most labor disputes result from violations of workers' rights. Because of the huge supply of labor force, workers are in a disadvantaged position, he said. Liu said the federation has succeeded in keeping most of the items on protecting workers' rights and interests in the law. For example, the law makes mandatory the use of written contracts and strongly discourages fixed- or short-term contracts. It also stipulates severance be paid if a fixed-term contract expires but is not renewed without an appropriate reason. The law requires all employers to submit proposed workplace rules or changes for discussion to the workers' congress - concerning pay, work allotment, hours, insurance, safety, holidays and training. Employers and trade unions will then jointly decide on workplace agreements. It stipulates trade unions have the right to sign collective contracts with employers on behalf of workers. In a position paper released yesterday, the European Chamber of Commerce in China said it welcomes the law and its aim of improving labor conditions and creating workplace harmony. "A more mature legal environment should be considered as an advantage in attracting foreign investment," the statement said. However, the chamber said the key challenge remains compliance by employers and the enforcement by authorities of the existing laws.

The highly anticipated Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway will begin construction next month, a Ministry of Railways official said.The ministry source, who did not want to be named, confirmed in a phone interview yesterday that preparations are now being made for a ceremony to commence construction of the system.Based on that timeframe, the railway will be completed by 2013. Trains running on the 1,318 km railway will then be able to travel at speeds of up to 350 kph and will cut travel time between the two cities from the current 10 hours to less than five.The project involves one of the largest amounts of investment on railways. Industry sources say it will cost more than 200 billion yuan ( billion), more than the 180 billion yuan needed for the Three Gorges Project.Officials say the project will also employ a set of locally developed high-speed railway technology for the first time.The country is said to have already mastered the technologies needed to lay high-speed rail tracks and trains.The first homegrown train able to reach 300 kph rolled off the production line over the weekend, marking China's entry into "an elite club that includes Japan, France and Germany to become the fourth country capable of making such trains", Wang Yongping, Ministry of Railways spokesman said.Officials added that the railway still relies on foreign companies, such as the Germany-based Siemens, to build its signal network and other systems.China has been upgrading the scale and speed of its railway network in the past decade, and the 11th Five Year Plan period (2006-10) is regarded as a critical period for building high-speed railways that can travel at speeds of 200 kph as part of an extensive transport network.At least eight express passenger railways were being constructed as of last year.Xinhua contributed to the story

BEIJING -- China's education authority has revoked the license of a private school that took in problem teenagers and claimed to offer strict discipline after it was found abusing students.A Ministry of Education investigation confirmed that staff at Dadongfang Xingzou School, in Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality, had physically and verbally abused teenage students, said ministry spokesman Wang Xuming at a press conference.The Beijing Times reported in June that a 14-year-old Beijing boy took drugs and jumped from the second floor of a dormitory building in the school after being repeatedly beaten by teachers.The boy said he tried to commit suicide so that his parents could learn what happened to him as he was denied contact with them for the first three months in the school, according to the newspaper story.Some desperate Chinese parents send their children, who do not behave well in normal schools, to boarding schools called "xingzou" schools that offer paramilitary-style discipline."Although schools like the Dadongfang Xingzou School take in problem students, they must follow laws and regulations like other schools. But some of them have done things wrong and many have no proper government approval," Wang said.Investigators found the school had been granted a license as a juvenile training center, but was not qualified as a boarding school or to offer paramilitary education.The ministry had started a national survey of xingzou schools, focusing on illegal education methods and teacher qualifications, and those without proper licenses would be closed, Wang said.As the administration was still working on a regulation on non-school juvenile training centers, it would suspend processing any such applications, he said.According to the Beijing Times, the Dadongfang Xingzou School had hired former military personnel and prison wardens as discipline teachers.

Poor planning not natural events was to blame for a spate of deadly accidents recently, safety chief Li Yizhong said.In the latest major incident, 172 miners are still trapped underground nearly three weeks after floodwater inundated the Huayuan mine in Xintai, East China's Shandong Province. Rescue work is ongoing.There have been 18 major accidents (with at least 10 people killed each) since July 18. Seven of these incidents have been triggered by natural events."The root is some local authorities and companies have failed to take sufficient action to tackle safety loopholes and build a sound early-warning mechanism," the chief of the State Administration of Work Safety said on Tuesday.Learning from these "bloody lessons" will prevent "accidents triggered by natural disasters," Li said.In a circular issued last Friday the State Council urged mines that risk being flooded to stop production when typhoons land or there is torrential rain.The circular also asked mine owners to identify hidden natural dangers and remove them."We feel it is urgent to improve emergency rescue mechanisms and carry out more training and drills," Li said.He cited two explosions at a natural gasfield in Kaixian County, Chongqing, which had very different outcomes.The first incident killed 243 people in 2003. But in 2006, nobody was killed when there was a similar incident because emergency plans were in place and there had been drills.The work safety situation in China is grim despite a decline in the death toll over the first eight months of this year, Li said.Statistics showed 61,919 people were killed in various work accidents nationwide between January and August. This was 13.9 percent lower than over the same period last year.The number of major accidents with 10 or more deaths during the same period has dropped by 14.7 percent year on year.In response to the high number of fatal accidents the State Council Work Safety Committee has sent about 300 people, in 24 teams, to carry out safety checkups across the country, starting August 27 and ending September 20.