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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Independent reviews by the FDA show the COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna have similar levels of safety and efficacy, although there are early indications of potential differences.Both vaccines rely on the same basic approach: jumpstarting the immune system with messenger RNA. The FDA confirmed their overall efficacy is essentially identical; 95 percent for Pfizer and 94.1 percent for Moderna.However, signals in the data suggest Moderna’s vaccine may better protect against severe cases of COVID-19, while Pfizer’s vaccine may work better in adults over 65. But experts warned those differences may just be statistical illusions.In Moderna’s study of 30,000 volunteers, 30 people got severe cases of COVID-19. All 30 of those cases were in the placebo group, suggesting the vaccine offers powerful protection against the most serious symptoms.In Pfizer’s trial of 44,000 volunteers, one vaccinated person got a severe case compared to 10 people in the placebo group.“We still need more data,” said Dr. Abisola Olulade of Sharp Rees-Stealy. “It's not a reason to recommend one versus the other.”In adults over 65, the efficacy of Moderna’s vaccine dipped slightly to 86.4 percent. Pfizer’s vaccine was 92.9 percent effective in people aged 65 to 74 and 100 percent effective in individuals 75 and up.“When I think people in the community look at that number, they might say, ‘Oh, that Moderna vaccine probably isn't as good for the older population compared to the Pfizer vaccine.’ But as a clinician looking at numbers, they're both amazing,” said UC San Francisco infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong.FDA scientists found both vaccines are safe but short-term side effects are common, especially with Moderna’s drug. Both vaccines are administered in two doses. The table below lists the percentage of vaccinated volunteers who reported a side effect after either dose, although side effects were most common after the second injection.Side effect Moderna PfizerFatigue 68.5% 62.9%Headache 63.0% 55.1%Muscle pain59.6%38.3%Joint pain44.8%23.6%Chills43.4%31.9%Fever14.8%14.2%Typically the symptoms went away in one day.“Just because a vaccine has side effects doesn’t mean it’s not safe,” said Dr. Olulade. “We know that side effects happen actually because your immune system is working and waking up. It's actually a positive thing.”The slight difference in side effects could be because of differences in the way researchers polled volunteers, or it could be something with the architecture of the vaccines, experts said.The companies use different tiny bubbles of fat to enclose the messenger RNA. Moderna’s bubble is a little stronger and more stable so it doesn’t need to be stored at sub-arctic temperatures.“It could be that [Moderna’s] elicits a little more inflammation than the other,” Dr. Chin-Hong said.Having slightly more side effects could be a sign that Moderna’s vaccine prompts a stronger immune response that might lead to longer-lasting immunity, but the durability of either vaccine remains one of the most pressing unanswered questions.The biggest difference may be where the vaccines are deployed. Since Pfizer's vaccine needs to be stored at such cold temperatures, experts said Moderna's vaccine may be prioritized for rural hospitals and community health centers that lack ultra-cold storage units. 3370

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — MiraCosta College is expanding upon a state promise to help make community college more affordable.MiraCosta College announced Tuesday plans to offer free tuition for all first-time college students for the first two years of classes at the campus. Part of the MiraCosta Promise, the plan would be available for all first-time students starting in fall 2019 who are enrolled in at least 12 units per semester.Students must also file a free application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) or a California Dream Act (CADAA) application.RELATED: Cost of college: What parents and students can expect to pay for admissionThe waiver is dependent upon the passage of Assembly Bill 2, which expands the California College Promise program. Former Gov. Jerry Brown signed the promise program into law in 2017, which covers the first year of tuition at the state's 115 community colleges."This program removes a significant hurdle for college-bound students; tuition and mandatory fees," Sunita Cooke, Superintendent/President of MiraCosta College, said in a release. "Whether you are looking to transfer to a four-year college or university or looking for the kind of training that will help you succeed in a new career, MiraCosta College is there for you."Assmebly Bill 2 is still working its way through California's legislature.Visit MiraCosta College's website for more information. 1400

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the last week, San Diego Zoo Global has raised more than half-million dollars for Australian wildlife relief.More than 0,000 has been raised through admission sales on Sunday at San Diego Zoo and Safari Park, on-site donations, and online donations, the organization said. That money will go toward wildlife relief in Australia, as its devastating wildfire season scorches millions of acres."We are overwhelmed by the support that this initiative has received from our audiences, and inspired that so many people want to join us in saving Australian wildlife," said Paul Baribault, CEO of San Diego Zoo Global. "We know that there will be years of work to help ensure that species like koalas and platypuses can recover from the wildfires that have swept that country—and we are extremely grateful to all of the people who have joined us in our effort to help."RELATED:Here's how you can help the victims of the Australian wildfiresSan Diego Zoo Global supports koala recovery amid devastating Australia wildfiresNorth County woman crochets pouches for injured Australian animalsHigh heat and severe drought have fueled the wildfires in Australia, which are believed to have killed at least one billion animals. More than 15 million acres have been burned around the country.Researchers backed by the nonprofit organization are preparing to head to the country's Blue Mountains region to look for koala and provide any recovery. The region is home to the world's most genetically diverse koala population."The population of koalas in the Blue Mountains have high levels of genetic diversity. This makes this particular population very important for the survival of the species," said Kellie Leigh, researcher with San Diego Zoo Global.The organization is accepting donations to support the recovery here. 1837

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - If violence is a learned behavior, so too then is non-violence. That’s the philosophy of two San Diego men who have worked together for 24 years to stop violence and save the lives of children. Azim Khamisa and Ples Felix have a message of peace-making to save the lives of children. The pair teach students in 5th through 9th grades the principles of accountability, empathy, peace building, and, above all, forgiveness. “We're not going to wake up and be in peace, We must teach restorative practices and create healthy kids, and healthy minds. Children who practice the principles of non-violence and actively commit themselves to becoming peace makers,” said Azim Khamisa. Khamisa started his journey after tragically losing his only son, Tariq Khamisa, when Tariq was 20 years old. As a college student working part-time, Tariq was lured to a gang house to deliver a pizza and fatally shot by then 14-year-old Tony Hicks. “It was like a nuclear bomb went off in my heart and I was broken into millions of small pieces. Violence is very real. It cuts deep and scars the soul,” Khamisa said. Khamisa founded the Tariq Khamisa Foundation to teach non-violence and took the extraordinary step of reaching out to Tony Hicks’ grandfather, Ples Felix. “I’m not here in a spirit of revenge...I'm here in the spirit of forgiveness because we both lost a son,” said Khamisa. Felix said he was praying for a way to reach out to the Khamisa family and provide support. He saw this as an answered prayer and accepted Khamisa’s hand of forgiveness. “To go forward in a way that in my life is totally unassociated with respect to that kind of trauma. I wanted to be with Azim's family...and commit to be of service any way I could,” said Felix. That was 24 years ago. The two men say they are now closer than brothers. Their safe school model is a 10-week curriculum, teaching lessons on empathy and compassion along with conflict resolution. The program also brings a peace club and leadership program to the schools. The results are staggering. The program has been shown to cut truancy and expulsion rates by 68 percent and increase conflict resolution peacefully by more than 90 percent. Khamisa and Felix have reached almost 600,000 students and, through digital and television coverage, the figure is easily into the millions. Former students such as Rocio Hernandez credit the program with saving her from despair, violent revenge, and thoughts that life isn’t precious. “On the way home from school I was attacked by gang members...I was only in the 7th grade. That could have been a turning point in my life. I could have turned violent myself. It’s crazy how the Tariq Khamisa Foundation came into my life at the right time. I remember coming out of that assembly empowered like I could take on the world,” said Hernandez. Hernandez now lives a positive, productive life and speaks to young people about her journey to happiness. It’s a journey that started with forgiveness, which Khamisa calls a gift you give yourself. “Mandela has a great quote: Resentment is like taking poison, and waiting for your enemy to die.” 3146

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — If Pfizer's coronavirus vaccine is approved this week, UC San Diego Health anticipates receiving its first allocation of the vaccine next week.The vaccine will be considered on Thursday by the Food and Drug Administration. Once it receives the vaccine, UC San Diego Health says its first vaccinations could occur shortly after."Assuming the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issues an Emergency Use Authorization tomorrow or Friday, we would anticipate arrival of the first allocation of the Pfizer vaccine to UC San Diego Health next week, with the first vaccinations occurring shortly thereafter," a statement from the hospital system said. RELATED: What phased vaccine distribution will look like in San Diego CountyThe hospital system says the process of receiving and distributing the vaccine remains fluid and details still need to be finalized.Who will receive the vaccine first will be based on the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, which recommends health care workers receive the vaccination first, along with residents and workers of nursing homes and long-term care facilities.RELATED: What the FDA's review reveals about Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccinePrioritization of who in those first groups receives a vaccination first will also depend on doses available. But those health care workers who face the greatest exposure to COVID-19 patients will be prioritized.This week, an outside group of vaccine experts will advise the FDA and vote on whether to recommend an emergency use authorization for the drug.FDA scientists independently confirmed Pfizer’s claim that its vaccine is 95% effective after two doses and said they found no serious safety concerns, according to documents released Tuesday.Upon approval, California is set to receive 327,000 doses of the vaccine in the first round of allocation. Of those San Diego County is scheduled to receive 28,275 doses. The second round of vaccine allocation is expected within 3-4 weeks. 1991