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SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 2 (Xinhua) -- A late-season potato blight has been detected on farms in Alaska, only the fourth time the disease appear in the U.S. state since 1995, local media reported on Friday.The disease was found this week in the fields of potato producers in cities of Delta Junction and Palmer, according to the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, Alaska's second largest daily newspaper.Farmers in both fields are working to prevent the spread of the blight, a fungus-like disease that can kill plants in the field or cause potatoes to rot in storage, the newspaper reported.Growers have been asked to kill all affected plants within 100 feet, and plant samples from both sites will be examined to identify what type of late blight is involved.Experts said that blight can be controlled through the use of fungicides, but the cool, damp weather this summer in the areas has created an ideal environment for the disease to spread.Although Alaska's potato crop is tiny compared to other U.S. states, it has been viewed as a possible global source of seed potatoes in recent years because it is largely free of disease.A local university has explored partnerships with Chinese growers to export certified seed potatoes, noted the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner report.

LOS ANGELES, July 19 (Xinhua) -- Obesity prevalence was 30 percent or higher in 12 states of the United States last year, compared to nine states in 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on Tuesday.In 2000, no states in the country had obesity rates that high, and now obesity is a problem in all 50 states, the agency said in a report based on telephone interviews with 400,000 people.Obesity rates vary by region, led by the South at 29.4 percent, followed by the Midwest at 28.7 percent, the Northeast at 24.9 percent, and the West at 24.1 percent, the report said.Mississippi had the nation's highest obesity prevalence at 34 percent, and Colorado the lowest at 21 percent, according to the report.Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia all had obesity rates of 30 percent or higher in 2010, said the report.No state met the federal Healthy People 2010 goal of a 15 percent obesity rate. In fact, no state had a rate lower than 20 percent, the CDC said.Obesity rates have kept rising despite a steady drumbeat of warnings that obesity causes serious health problems and increases the risk of premature death, CDC officials said.An adult is considered obese if he or she has a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater.

BEIJING, June 13 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government on Monday launched a week-long campaign throughout the country which aims to make the public think more about food safety.Vice Premier Li Keqiang relayed to the campaign's organizer that it is essential to publicize knowledge and regulations on food safety among the public.Li, member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, said that special operations and severe punishment should be adopted to decrease the likelihood of food safety scandals.As part of the campaign, a food safety inspection team under the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee held a conclusive meeting in Beijing to review its two-month supervisory tour to Jiangsu, Hubei, Sichuan and other four provinces and regions in April and May.A statement released by the inspection team on Monday said it will issue a report on food safety problems to the NPC Standing Committee.China's food safety has become a major public concern since a nationwide tainted milk powder scandal was exposed in August 2008.China's top legislature passed the Food Safety Law in 2009 which was soon followed by a nationwide food safety inspection.In the latest food safety scandal, drinks and food sold on the mainland but produced in Taiwan have been found to contain the toxic plasticizer DEHP.China's Ministries of Public Security, Agriculture, Health, as well as the General Administration for Quality Supervision, State Food and Drug Administration are also involved in the campaign.

WASHINGTON, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Eating a low-carbohydrate, high- protein diet may reduce the risk of cancer and slow the growth of tumors already present, according to a study published Tuesday in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.The study was conducted in mice, but the scientists involved agree that the strong biological findings are definitive enough that an effect in humans can be considered."This shows that something as simple as a change in diet can have an impact on cancer risk," said lead researcher Gerald Krystal, a scientist at the British Columbia Cancer Research Center.Krystal and his colleagues implanted various strains of mice with human tumor cells or with mouse tumor cells and assigned them to one of two diets. The first diet, a typical Western diet, contained about 55 percent carbohydrate, 23 percent protein and 22 percent fat. The second, which is somewhat like a South Beach diet but higher in protein, contained 15 percent carbohydrate, 58 percent protein and 26 percent fat. They found that the tumor cells grew consistently slower on the second diet.As well, mice genetically predisposed to breast cancer were put on these two diets and almost half of them on the Western diet developed breast cancer within their first year of life while none on the low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet did. Interestingly, only one on the Western diet reached a normal life span ( approximately 2 years), with 70 percent of them dying from cancer while only 30 percent of those on the low-carbohydrate diet developed cancer and more than half these mice reached or exceeded their normal life span.Krystal and colleagues also tested the effect of an mTOR inhibitor, which inhibits cell growth, and a COX-2 inhibitor, which reduces inflammation, on tumor development, and found these agents had an additive effect in the mice fed the low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet.When asked to speculate on the biological mechanism, Krystal said that tumor cells, unlike normal cells, need significantly more glucose to grow and thrive. Restricting carbohydrate intake can significantly limit blood glucose and insulin, a hormone that has been shown in many independent studies to promote tumor growth in both humans and mice.Furthermore, a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet has the potential to both boost the ability of the immune system to kill cancer cells and prevent obesity, which leads to chronic inflammation and cancer.

LOS ANGELES, July 22 (Xinhua) -- Two teams of astronomers have discovered the largest and farthest reservoir of water ever detected in the universe, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Friday.The water, equivalent to 140 trillion times all the water in the world's ocean, surrounds a huge, feeding black hole, called a quasar, more than 12 billion light-years away, according to JPL in Pasadena, California."The environment around this quasar is very unique in that it's producing this huge mass of water," said Matt Bradford, a scientist at JPL. "It's another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times. "This artist's concept illustrates a quasar, or feeding black hole, similar to APM 08279+5255, where astronomers discovered huge amounts of water vapor. Gas and dust likely form a torus around the central black hole, with clouds of charged gas above and below. X-rays emerge from the very central region, while thermal infrared radiation is emitted by dust throughout most of the torus. While this figure shows the quasar's torus approximately edge-on, the torus around APM 08279+5255 is likely positioned face-on from our point of view.A quasar is powered by an enormous black hole that steadily consumes a surrounding disk of gas and dust. As it eats, the quasar spews out huge amounts of energy. Both groups of astronomers studied a particular quasar called APM 08279+5255, which harbors a black hole 20 billion times more massive than the sun and produces as much energy as a thousand trillion suns.Astronomers expected water vapor to be present even in the early, distant universe, but had not detected it this far away before. There's water vapor in the Milky Way, although the total amount is 4,000 times less than in the quasar, because most of the Milky Way's water is frozen in ice. Water vapor is an important trace gas that reveals the nature of the quasar. In this particular quasar, the water vapor is distributed around the black hole in a gaseous region spanning hundreds of light-years in size (a light-year is about six trillion miles).Its presence indicates that the quasar is bathing the gas in X- rays and infrared radiation, and that the gas is unusually warm and dense by astronomical standards, JPL said.Although the gas is at a chilly minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit ( minus 53 degrees Celsius) and is 300 trillion times less dense than Earth's atmosphere, it's still five times hotter and 10 to 100 times denser than what's typical in galaxies like the Milky Way, said JPL.Measurements of the water vapor and of other molecules, such as carbon monoxide, suggest there is enough gas to feed the black hole until it grows to about six times its size, JPL said.Whether this will happen is not clear, the astronomers say, since some of the gas may end up condensing into stars or might be ejected from the quasar.Bradford's team made their observations starting in 2008, using an instrument called "Z-Spec" at the California Institute of Technology's (Caltech's) Submillimeter Observatory, a 33-foot (10- meter) telescope near the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Follow-up observations were made with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA), an array of radio dishes in the Inyo Mountains of Southern California.The second group, led by Dariusz Lis, senior research associate in physics at Caltech and deputy director of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, used the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the French Alps to find water. In 2010, Lis's team serendipitously detected water in APM 8279+5255, observing one spectral signature.Bradford's team was able to get more information about the water, including its enormous mass, because they detected several spectral signatures of the water, according to JPL.

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