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WASHINGTON, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have corrected sickle cell disease in adult laboratory mice that had been bred to have the inherited blood disorder by activating production of a special blood component, according to a study published online Thursday in the journal Science.Sickle cell disease results from an abnormality in hemoglobin, the protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. People living with sickle cell disease have two copies of an altered gene that produces sickle hemoglobin instead of normal adult hemoglobin. Sickle hemoglobin changes shape after releasing its oxygen, causing the red blood cell to become stiff, misshapen and sticky, and slowing blood flow to tissues. This process damages organs and causes pain.The study tested a new approach to increasing the production of a third form of hemoglobin -- fetal hemoglobin. Production of fetal hemoglobin predominates before birth, but turns off thereafter as adult hemoglobin production takes over. People with sickle cell disease are unable to make normal adult hemoglobin, and instead make sickle hemoglobin starting in infancy.An elevated level of fetal hemoglobin within the red blood cell reduces the tendency of sickle hemoglobin to change the shape of red blood cells. Considerable research has shown that the drug hydroxyurea increases production of fetal hemoglobin and reduces the number of pain crises and other complications of sickle cell disease in adults and children. However, not all patients respond well to hydroxyurea, and adverse side effects are a concern.The current study explores a more targeted approach to increasing fetal hemoglobin production. It builds upon earlier studies that discovered a protein called BCL11A normally suppresses the production of fetal hemoglobin soon after birth. The researchers viewed the BCL11A protein as a target for therapy and decided to see what would happen if they blocked production of the protein.The paper details how the research team silenced the mouse gene that produces the BCL11A protein in mice with sickle cell disease. Silencing the gene turned off production of the BCL11A protein and allowed the adult mice to continue to produce fetal hemoglobin. It appears to have eliminated disease symptoms without affecting other aspects of blood production."This discovery provides an important new target for future therapies in people with sickle cell disease," said Susan Shurin, acting director of the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which co-funded the study. "More work is needed before it will be possible to test such therapies in people, but this study demonstrates that the approach works in principle."Approximately 100,000 Americans live with sickle cell disease. It is most prevalent in people of African, Hispanic, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent. There is no widely available cure for sickle cell disease. Bone marrow transplants have cured some patients, but the treatment is not without risk and most patients do not have relatives who can donate compatible and healthy bone marrow to them.

OTTAWA, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Many friends and colleagues of Canadian scientist Ralph Steinman reacted with shock when they learned on Monday that Steinman won the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology three days after he died.Since 1974, Nobel Prizes are no longer awarded posthumously, but the Nobel Prize committee said that it had made its choice before Steinman's death.Many of Steinman's friends and colleagues said that they learned of Steinman's death at the same time that they learned of his Nobel Prize, which was awarded for a discovery Steinman made in 1973.Steinman, 68, discovered dendritic cells, which help regulate adaptive immunity, which purges invading microorganisms from the body. Dendritic cells activate T cells, which "remember" the DNA sequence of invading organisms and protect the body from later infections from the same disease."Their work has opened up new avenues for the development of prevention and therapy against infections, cancer and inflammatory disease," the citation said.Monday, the Nobel Committee defended its decision to award the prize to Steinman. "The decision to award the Nobel Prize to Ralph Steinman was made in good faith, based on the assumption that the Nobel Laureate was alive," the foundation said in a statement."The Nobel Foundation thus believes that what has occurred is more reminiscent of the example in the statutes concerning a person who has been named as a Nobel Laureate and has died before the actual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony."It is still unclear who will pick up Steinman's prize at the award ceremony later this year.Steinman, a cell biologist at Rockefeller University in New York City, died of pancreatic cancer on Friday. For more than four years, he had used his own immune therapy discoveries to extend his life."The news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago," Rockefeller University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne said in a statement."We are all so touched that our father's many years of hard work are being recognized with a Nobel Prize," Steinman's daughter, Alexis, said in the statement. "He devoted his life to his work and his family, and he would be truly honored."Steinman's heirs will share the 1.5-million U.S. dollar prize with American genetics professor Bruce Beutler and French scientist Jules Hoffmann.Dr. Beutler is professor of genetics and immunology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Dr. Hoffmann headed a research laboratory in Strasbourg, France, between 1974 and 2009 and served as president of the French National Academy of Sciences between 2007 and 2008."Ralph worked right up until last week," said Michel Nussenzweig, a collaborator of Steinman's at Rockefeller University. "His dream was to use his discovery to cure cancer and infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis. It's a dream that's pretty close."Steinman was born in 1943 in Montreal, Canada's second largest city, and studied chemistry and biology at McGill University in his hometown before receiving an MD from Harvard Medical School in Boston in 1968. He joined Rockefeller University in 1970 as a postdoctoral fellow."He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design," the university said in a statement.In a statement, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper lauded the three winners of the Nobel for medicine and called the award " a fitting final tribute" to Steinman's life's work."Dr. Steinman shall be honored for all time with this achievement," Harper said. "Canadians will mourn his loss."

BAGHDAD, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) -- Iraqi President Jalal Talabani told the newly-arrived Chinese ambassador Tuesday that Iraq is willing to expand cooperation and strengthen ties with China.Talabani made the statement when receiving the credential from Ni Jian, China's new ambassador to Iraq, in his presidential palace.The friendship between Iraq and China can be traced back to more than a millennium ago and endured the test of time, Talabani said.The recent years have seen increasing cooperation and exchanges between the two countries in multiple fields, bearing positive results and breakthroughs, he said.Ni Jian said that China attaches great importance to the Chinese-Iraqi relations and is willing to broaden friendly ties with Iraq on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

JERUSALEM, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- Kfir Damari, a communication systems engineer, has a dream: to land a miniature spacecraft on the moon sometime in 2013.Damari is one of the founders of Team SpaceIL, a non-profit organization representing Israel in the Google Lunar X Competition. The prize: 20 million U.S. dollars to the first of the 26 international teams currently registered that lands an unmanned craft on the moon, moves it a minimum of 500 meters across the lunar surface and transmits live high-resolution images back to earth."It's a tough mission, but I believe that if everyone in Israel joins hands it's possible," Damari told Xinhua.It is exactly the kind of entrepreneurial spirit that Israel, a country largely void of natural resources, counts on to make it a global leader in technological innovation.The two other men behind the initiative are Yonatan Winetraub, 25, a systems engineer at Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and a graduate of NASA's International Space University, and Yariv Bash, 31, a computer scientist and electronics engineer. The three first met at an innovation conference held by IAI a year ago.They describe the lander as a nano-satellite, whose design was revealed at the project's official inauguration ceremony on Thursday. The vessel weighs 100 kg, 80 percent of which are fuel, and is outfitted with rocket boosters and a panoramic camera."It's somewhat of a cellular phone sitting on a large fuel tank. All the technology that we require is basically contained in a typical smartphone with its communication and imaging features," Damari said.Launched in 2007, the Lunar X Prize aims to encourage space enthusiasts and engineers worldwide to develop cheap technologies for robotic space exploration.The Israelis have slated a modest 15 million U.S. dollars for the endeavor, 90 percent of which must come from private contributions according to the competition's rules. They have already raised 3.5 million dollars.The fact that they have formed a non-profit NGO in itself is worthy of praise. Most other teams have obtained the patronage of private corporations for whom money is not a problem, with some reportedly allotting up to 100 million U.S. dollars.To compensate for the disparities in funding, Damari and his partners have enlisted the support of 120 local volunteers, many of them engineers holding top positions in the technological and scientific community as well as the country's leading defense industries.Rona Ramon, the widow of Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon killed aboard the Columbia Space Shuttle in 2003, was one of the sponsors too.In a bid to keep costs down, SpaceIL is heavily relying on the existing knowledge accumulated by Israel's defense industries over the past decades in building and launching mainly small, lightweight communications and military surveillance satellites into space.The challenge, Damari said, is to take that know-how a step further. The professionals who have volunteered for the project, among them some of Israel's most revered space experts, are currently grappling with several issues, including the ignition system, optic-visual navigation, beaming imagery to earth and the intricacies of enabling the nano-satellite a smooth lunar landing.SpaceIL is still searching for a third party that they will lease to launch their vehicle into space. Once there, they will have to navigate it to the moon on their own.While 20 million U.S. dollars is a major motivator for anyone, the Israelis said they're not seeking personal gain, but rather plan to invest the prize money in the vision that originally prompted their registration in December last year: inspiring the country's younger generation to pursue engineering and the sciences and to dream big, just like Neil Armstrong did when he disembarked from the Apollo 11 and took the first step on the moon in 1969.The funds, they said, will be funneled to educational programs that seek to rejuvenate youths' interest in science disciplines, which have been on the decline in the country's high schools in recent decades."We hope to attract the next generation of kids, to enable them to be engineers and scientists and to make sure that we have more people that can build spaceships in Israel in the future," said Damari.He and the other men behind the initiative also acknowledge that their motives are no less driven by patriotism. Winning the Lunar X has the potential to create national pride and put Israel "on the map as a start-up nation" by accomplishing a feat reserved for superpowers."The moon is something you see every day. I think that for me personally, space exploration is the way to enlist the nation to do something that has not yet been done," said Damari, who started programming aged six and wrote his first computer virus aged 11."It's also about exploring new borders, going the distance. (The project) will leverage Israel's space industry. I'm sure that all the industries that will partner with us will learn a lot and develop new applications, especially for the civilian market," he said.On Thursday, Israeli President Shimon Peres, whose name has become synonymous with the nation's hi-tech industries, honored the trio by unveiling their model at the ceremony held at MABAT -- IAI's missiles and space division near Tel Aviv."More than Israel is leading technology, it is likely to lead Israel. It's the key to our economy ... If they win the prize, and I'm sure they will, it will also reward Israel with the deepest appreciation and the best deterrence," Peres told a crowd of senior executives from local defense industries."I admire your audacity and vision," he complimented the three scientists.Will they realize their ambition? Damari expressed humble optimism, "It's not easy, but certainly possible ... We believe we can win."

BEIJING Jan. 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists have found a plant in Brazil using leaves to capture the tiny worms in the soil, according to Monday's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the U.S.The plant, named Philcoxia, was found in the tropical grassland of Brazil, where the biodiversity is well conserved.As the scientists searching for the answer of why the plant grows the leaves underground, they found the 1.5 millimeters-wide leaves can trap the worms and produce a digestive enzyme to help its roots to absorb the nutrition.Although it is not the first meat-eating plant to be discovered, the finding has still "broaden up our perception about plants," according to researcher Rafael Silva Oliveira, a plant ecologist at the State University of Campinas in Brazil.It suggests that carnivorous plants "may have evolved independently more times in plants than previously thought," he added

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