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OTTAWA, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- Canadians are working about three years longer before retirement than they were in the 1990s, and have a longer life in retirement, an official study said Wednesday.Statistics Canada, the federal statistics agency, reports that Canada' s men and women, who don't face compulsory retirement, are increasingly choosing to delay retirement, as part of a long-term trend that has begun before the recent recession.The trend of later retirement dates back to the mid-1990s, when a 50-year-old employee could expect to work another 12.5 years before retiring from the daily grind.Today, that same 50-year-old worker could expect another 16 years of employment.The study says that 34 percent of Canadians aged 55 and older were employed in 2010, compared to just 22 percent in 1996.A longer working life would unnecessarily imply a shorter life in retirement due to increased life expectancy, the study says.The study notes that men and women leaving the work force today are spending as much time in their post-career life as many of their predecessors did.For example, between 1977 and 1994, the typical retirement length for a man in Canada rose from 11.2 to 15.4 years; as of 2008, it was 15 years.For women, the average retirement length similarly rose from 16.4 to 20.6 years between 1977 and 1996; as of 2008, it was 19 years.From another point of observation, 50-year-old men can expect to spend 48 percent of their remaining years of life in retirement in 2008,compared with 45 percent in 1977.In 2008, 50-year-old women could expect to spend 55 percent of their remaining years of life in retirement, nearly identical to the proportion in 1977.

BEIJING, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday issued a white paper on the development of space industry since 2006 and the major tasks for the next five years.The white paper titled "China's Space Activities in 2011" was the third white paper on the country's space activities issued by the State Council Information Office, following the one in 2000 and another in 2006.The Chinese government has made the space industry an important part of the nation's overall development strategy and adhered to exploration and utilization of outer space for peaceful purposes, the white paper said.Over the past few years, China has ranked among the world's leading countries in certain major areas of space technology, it said, adding that in the next five years, there will be new opportunities to the country's space industry.At the same time, China will work together with the international community to maintain a peaceful and clean outer space and endeavor to promote world peace and development, the document said.FUTURE MISSIONSMajor tasks listed in the white paper for the next five years include space transportation system, Earth satellites, human spaceflights and deep-space exploration.The country will launch the Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10 spaceships and achieve unmanned or manned rendezvous and docking with the in-orbit Tiangong-1 vehicle, the paper said.China also plans to launch space laboratories, manned spaceship and space freighters, and will start a research on the preliminary plan for a human landing on the moon, the document said.As an important part of deep-space exploration, the country's lunar probe projects follow the idea of "three steps" -- orbiting, landing and returning.In next five years, the country plans to launch orbiters for lunar soft landing, roving and surveying to implement the second stage of lunar exploration, then it will start the third-stage project of sampling the moon's surface matters and get those samples back to Earth, the white paper said.In addition, China will build a space infrastructure frame composed of Earth observation satellites, communications and broadcasting satellites, plus navigation and positioning satellites.MAJOR PROGRESSAccording to the white paper, breakthroughs have been made in major space projects, including human spaceflight and lunar exploration, since 2006.From Sept. 25 to 28, 2008, China successfully launched the Shenzhou-7 manned spaceship and became the third country in the world to master the key technology of astronaut space extravehicular activity.In November 2011, China accomplished the first unmanned space rendezvous and docking test between the Tiangong-1 space lab module and Shenzhou-8 spaceship.In addition, the country's lunar probe projects have achieved milestone breakthroughs over the past five years. China successfully launched two lunar probes, the Chang'e-1 on Oct. 24, 2007, and Chang'e-2 on Oct. 1, 2010.The first probe retrieved a great deal of scientific data and a complete map of the moon while the second created a full higher-resolution map of the moon and a high-definition image of Sinus Iridium.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- New research suggests that, in people who don't currently have memory problems, those with smaller regions of the brain's cortex may be more likely to develop symptoms consistent with very early Alzheimer's disease.The study was published Wednesday in the online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.For the study, researchers used brain scans to measure the thickness of regions of the brain's cortex in 159 people free of dementia with an average age of 76. The brain regions were chosen based on prior studies showing that they shrink in patients with Alzheimer's dementia.Of the 159 people, 19 were classified as at high risk for having early Alzheimer's disease due to smaller size of particular regions known to be vulnerable to Alzheimer's in the brain's cortex, 116 were classified as average risk and 24 as low risk. At the beginning of the study, participants were also given tests that measured memory, problem solving and ability to plan and pay attention. The tests will go on over the next three yearsThe study found that 21 percent of those at high risk experienced cognitive decline during three years of follow-up after the MRI scan, compared to seven percent of those at average risk and none of those at low risk."Further research is needed on how using MRI scans to measure the size of different brain regions in combination with other tests may help identify people at the greatest risk of developing early Alzheimer's as early as possible," said study author Bradford Dickerson, of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and a member of the American Academy of Neurology.

BEIJING, Nov. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Heading football frequently may cause brain damage leading to subtle but serious declines in thinking and coordination skills, a new study suggested as quoted by media reports Wednesday.Researchers used an advanced MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) technique to analyze changes in brain white matter of 32 adult amateur soccer players who head balls 436 times a year on average.The study found players who head football quite frequently -- with 1,000 or more a year -- showed abnormalities similar to traumatic brain injuries suffered in car accidents."This is the first study to look at the effects of heading on the brain using sophisticated diffusion tensor imaging," said Dr. Michael Lipton, a leading researcher and associate director of the Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City."We found the real implication for players isn't from hitting headers once in a while, but repetitively, which can lead to degeneration of brain cells," he added.The researchers compared neurological images of study participants, whose average age was 31, and found those with the highest volume of headers had abnormalities in five areas of the brain, responsible for attention, memory, physical mobility and high-level visual functions.The findings come in the wake of mixed reports on the so-called "cognitive" consequences of frequently heading soccer balls at practice.Dr. Chris Koutures, a pediatrician and sports medicine specialist in Anaheim Hills, California, said the retrospective imaging study was fascinating, but needs more data to effectively determine safe header limits, especially for younger players.Dr. Lipton agreed neuropsychological damage from headers would be hard for a coach or physician to notice since cognitive problems develop gradually, and even players might not be aware of mild memory loss."We can't tell an individual today not to be heading a ball, but caution is a good thing," Lipton said. "We need more research for definitive answers and we have the advanced imaging tools to do it."

BRATISLAVA, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The Slovak Education Ministry on Thursday launched an internet website to provide the general public with digitalized textbooks.According to Education Minister Eugen Jurzyca, the public could access a total of 26 digitalised textbooks, compulsory-reading books and download 65 audio-recordings on the website of eaktovka.sk.The word aktovka means schoolbag in Slovak."We hope that pupils will be able to study even in places where they don't bring their textbooks, such as during the holidays at their grandma's, but also that teachers will have an easier time putting together various textbooks or their sections on, for example, physics or chemistry," said the minister.Jurzyca said he estimated that 92 percent of households with school-age children which own personal computers and 70 percent of those which have access to the internet would visit the website.