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WASHINGTON, May 12 (Xinhua) -- Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in people infected with HIV prevents them from transmitting the virus to their partners, according to findings released Thursday from a large-scale international clinical study.The study, known as HPTN 052, was designed to evaluate whether antiretroviral drugs can prevent sexual transmission of HIV infection among couples in which one partner is HIV-infected and the other is not. The results are the first of their kind from a major randomized clinical trial.Led by Myron Cohen, of the University of North Carolina, the research found that treating HIV-infected individuals with antiretroviral therapy (ART) when their immune systems are still relatively healthy led to a 96 percent reduction in HIV transmission to their partners.This critical new finding convincingly demonstrates that early treatment of infected individuals can have a major impact on the spread of the epidemic.Study investigators enrolled 1,763 couples who were not eligible for ART by WHO standards in nine countries around the world. All couples were at least 18 years of age. The vast majority of the couples (97 percent) were heterosexual, which precludes any definitive conclusions about effectiveness in men who have sex with men.Couples were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. In the first group, the HIV-infected partner initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as the couple enrolled in the study (the immediate treatment group); in the second group, infected partners did not begin ART until their CD4+ counts fell to between 200 and 250 cells/mm3 or they developed an AIDS-related illness (the delayed treatment group). Couples in both groups received HIV primary care, counseling and condoms.Results of this research study, which was scheduled to conclude in 2015, are being released early, after the independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) determined that the benefits of early treatment were clear.

LOS ANGELES, April 2 (Xinhua) -- The United States could soon be faced with an epidemic of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ( NAFLD), one of the major contributing factors of chronic liver disease (CLD), the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) reported Saturday.If the current rates of obesity and diabetes continue for another two decades, the prevalence of NAFLD in the U.S. is expected to increase by 50 percent in 2030, AAAS said.The prediction is based on pre-existing clinical survey data over a 10 year period (1988-1994, 1999-2004 and 2005-2008), which included 39,500 adults from three survey cycles, according to the AAAS.Over the three cycles, the prevalence of NAFLD doubled from 5. 51 percent to 11 percent respectively. Furthermore, during the first survey cycle (1988-1994) 46.8 percent of all CLD's was related to NAFLD but by 2005-2008 this had increased to 75.1 percent. In addition, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes, the two key risk factors for NAFLD also steadily increased."If the obesity epidemic is anything to go by, the U.S. NAFLD epidemic may have a ripple effect worldwide," said Mark Thursz, Vice Secretary of the European Association for the Study of the Liver. "It is imperative that health systems continue to drive effective educational programs to reinforce awareness among the general public to alert them of the risks of obesity and promote the importance of diet and exercise."Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is fast becoming one of the top concerns for clinicians due to the obesity epidemic and it's potential to progress to advanced liver disease which significantly impacts on overall liver-related mortality, Thursz said in remarks published by AAAS' website EurekAlert.org.NAFLD, considered as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is the term used to describe fat build-up in liver cells in people who do not drink alcohol excessively. The disease is the most common persistent liver disorder in Western countries with an estimated overall prevalence of 20-30 percent, according to AAAS.NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver disease associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity and as such people most at risk of NAFLD are those who are obese, have insulin resistance associated with diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol.

GUIYANG, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang has called for providing more support to the country's less developed regions, saying priority should be placed on improving the people's livelihood.He made the remarks during an inspection tour to Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Guiyang City in southwest China's Guizhou Province from Feb. 11 to 13, according to an official statement Xinhua received Sunday.Li said more attention should be directed to improve people's living standards as China is making efforts to achieve its strategic goals of development.During his tour, Li visited some residents' homes at a poor village in Libo County of Qiannan.He called for greater efforts to improve people's livelihood, a step which would help boost domestic demand and facilitate the transformation of the nation's economic growth mode.Li urged local authorities to work well on the safety of drinking water, road construction in rural areas, and the remodeling of old houses. In particular, schools should be made accessible for children from poor homes.Further, he demanded greater efforts from local governments to improve the health care system that covers the three levels of county, township and village, and relieving the financial burden of the masses in health care services.In Guiyang, Li inspected a local company in constructing affordable housing for low-income earners and visited poor homes in Yunyan district. He said greater efforts should be made in accelerating the supply of affordable housing for those in need.

LOS ANGELES, March 23 (Xinhua) -- People who are more physically active are less likely to have high blood pressure associated with a high-sodium diet, a new study suggests.The study was conducted by researchers at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine in New Orleans, HealthDay News reported on Wednesday.Study findings were presented at the on-going American Heart Association's meeting on nutrition, physical activity and cardiovascular disease, held in Atlanta, said the report.To explore a potential association between exercise and the hypertensive role of dietary salt, the researchers focused on roughly 1,900 men and women (average age 38) living in a rural region in northern China. None took blood pressure medication during the study, according to the report.For one week all of the participants consumed 3,000 mg of sodium a day in their diet; for another week, they were placed on a high-sodium diet -- 18,000 mg per day.Nine blood pressure readings were taken each week, and questionnaires were completed to assess routine levels of physical activity, ranging from "very active" to "quite sedentary."When switching from the lower-sodium to a high-sodium diet, those who experienced a 5 percent or greater boost in their systolic blood pressure (the heart contraction measure represented by the top figure of a blood pressure reading) were deemed "high salt-sensitive."Those reporting the most physical activity had a 38 percent lower risk of being highly salt-sensitive than the least active group. This group was the least likely to see a 5 percent or greater rise in their blood pressure in response to a high-salt diet.Compared with the most sedentary group, those in the next-to- highest activity group had a 17 percent lower risk of salt- sensitivity, and those in the next-to-lowest activity group had a 10 percent lower risk.The team concluded that engaging in physical activity has a " significant," independent and progressively healthful impact on the degree to which salt sensitivity relates to blood pressure."For those with low physical activity, their blood pressure will increase more if they increase their sodium intake," study co- author Dr. Jiang He, chair of the department of epidemiology at the school, said in remarks published by HeathDay News."It's a little bit of a surprise," He added. "But this is the first study to look at this particular association between physical activity and salt sensitivity and blood pressure. But after thinking it over it makes sense, because we already know that physical activity will reduce blood pressure."High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a leading cause of stroke. Because of salt's association with high blood pressure, the American Heart Association recommends consuming less than 1, 500 mg of sodium per day.

BEIJING, Apirl 1 (Xinhuanet) -- An Ariane rocket launch of two communications satellites was aborted Wednesday after a technical hitch at the scheduled moment of liftoff in French Guiana on Wednesday.According to Arianespace, the Ariane 5 rocket's Vulcain main engine ignited as scheduled at 5:45 pm EDT (21:45 GMT), but the checkout process during ignition detected an unspecified anomaly, shutting down the engine before the two solid-rocket boosters ignited.The 165-foot (50-meter) tall Ariane 5 rocket's main engine's checkout process "was not completed successfully, preventing the boosters' ignition and thereby aborting the mission," Arianespace officials said. "The Ariane 5 and its two payloads remain in a safe mode on the launch pad."The Ariane 5 rocket uses a Vulcain 2 first stage engine assisted by two solid rocket boosters to launch satellite payloads into orbit. The Vulcain 2 engine is fueled by cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen and is designed to burn for about 600 seconds to boost payloads into space.Jean-Yves Le Gall, Arianespace president, said it would return the rocket to the final assembly building to prepare it for another launch attempt while investigating the cause of the problem. No new launch date was immediately announced.The Ariane 5 was to launch the Yahsat Y1A and Intelsat New Dawn communications satellites.

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