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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- We’ve known for a while that COVID-19 hits people over 65 especially hard, but a study published Wednesday from researchers in San Diego offers new insight into why that happens.The numbers are staggering: if you’re 65 or older, your risk of winding up in the hospital from COVID-19 is five to 11 times higher than someone under 30. Your risk of death is at least 90 times higher, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology say the reason why older people fare so much worse appears to be from a lack of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that can decline with age.“Some viruses get controlled by one part of the immune system. Some viruses get controlled by another. In this case it seems that T-cells really do a lot of the work,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, one of the authors of the study published Wednesday in the journal Cell.Dr. Crotty and his colleagues looked at 50 people infected with the virus, and they measured the three elements of the adaptive immune system in detail: antibodies, helper T-cells and killer T-cells.Then they compared the measurements to how people fared against the virus. Some patients in the study group had severe cases, others had mild infections.The researchers found that people with all three branches of the adaptive immune system tended to fully recover. People with severe cases of the virus often lacked one or more of the immune branches, and it was particularly evident in older people.“Our data indicated that of the older individuals, it was particularly the ones that had fewer T-cells to start that look like they really struggled to control this virus,” Dr. Crotty said.As we age, we have fewer T-cells to send after invading pathogens. “That collection of T-cells gets smaller. So it’s harder to recognize a new virus,” Crotty said.Among the 748 deaths in San Diego County reported as of Wednesday, 87% were people aged 60 and older.The findings from LJI may have implications in the search for a vaccine against COVID-19. The data suggests that vaccine-makers may want to target a drug that elicits all three branches of the immune response, Dr. Crotty said. Some vaccine approaches, such as inactivated virus vaccines, only elicit two of three branches, not killer T-cells. However, Crotty said it was too soon to rule any candidates. Two strong branches produced by a vaccine could potentially cover for the lack of a third, he said.Crotty said the findings could help vaccine-makers interpret results from the clinical trials and find the right dosing.“Is a given vaccine a good vaccine, and you just need a booster immunization?” he said. “Does it work well in one population but it doesn’t help in the elderly because it doesn’t generate a T-cell response, for example? Those are the scenarios when this type of knowledge will come into play.” 2906

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- We’ve known for a while that COVID-19 hits people over 65 especially hard, but a study published Wednesday from researchers in San Diego offers new insight into why that happens.The numbers are staggering: if you’re 65 or older, your risk of winding up in the hospital from COVID-19 is five to 11 times higher than someone under 30. Your risk of death is at least 90 times higher, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology say the reason why older people fare so much worse appears to be from a lack of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that can decline with age.“Some viruses get controlled by one part of the immune system. Some viruses get controlled by another. In this case it seems that T-cells really do a lot of the work,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, one of the authors of the study published Wednesday in the journal Cell.Dr. Crotty and his colleagues looked at 50 people infected with the virus, and they measured the three elements of the adaptive immune system in detail: antibodies, helper T-cells and killer T-cells.Then they compared the measurements to how people fared against the virus. Some patients in the study group had severe cases, others had mild infections.The researchers found that people with all three branches of the adaptive immune system tended to fully recover. People with severe cases of the virus often lacked one or more of the immune branches, and it was particularly evident in older people.“Our data indicated that of the older individuals, it was particularly the ones that had fewer T-cells to start that look like they really struggled to control this virus,” Dr. Crotty said.As we age, we have fewer T-cells to send after invading pathogens. “That collection of T-cells gets smaller. So it’s harder to recognize a new virus,” Crotty said.Among the 748 deaths in San Diego County reported as of Wednesday, 87% were people aged 60 and older.The findings from LJI may have implications in the search for a vaccine against COVID-19. The data suggests that vaccine-makers may want to target a drug that elicits all three branches of the immune response, Dr. Crotty said. Some vaccine approaches, such as inactivated virus vaccines, only elicit two of three branches, not killer T-cells. However, Crotty said it was too soon to rule any candidates. Two strong branches produced by a vaccine could potentially cover for the lack of a third, he said.Crotty said the findings could help vaccine-makers interpret results from the clinical trials and find the right dosing.“Is a given vaccine a good vaccine, and you just need a booster immunization?” he said. “Does it work well in one population but it doesn’t help in the elderly because it doesn’t generate a T-cell response, for example? Those are the scenarios when this type of knowledge will come into play.” 2906

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — With bars that don’t serve food shut down as of Wednesday, some employees may be finding themselves in need of unemployment benefits just days after they stopped collecting them.Some San Diego County bars got just 19 days to operate before they were shuttered again, but that’s plenty of time for employees to have their unemployment benefits lapse.The good news is that individuals don’t have to start entirely from square one.REBOUND: Search for job openings in San Diego County “It should be less time-consuming this go around,” said Andrew Picard with the San Diego Workforce Partnership, a local non-profit agency that supports job-seekers with training, but is not in charge of processing unemployment benefits.It turns out, if you stop certifying for unemployment benefits for even one week, your claim goes inactive and must be reopened.The state suggests reopening a claim on UI Online, which can be done at any time. There is a video tutorial produced by the state available here.Picard recommends reopening the claim as soon as possible.The following guide was provided by the Employment Development Department.d 1150

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — With COVID-19 cases spiking in parts of the country, some of the largest testing providers are struggling to keep up with the demand, complicating efforts to isolate infected individuals and trace their contacts.Quest Diagnostics announced Monday its turnaround time for most test results had expanded to four to six days, back to where it was in the beginning of April. Quest said its turnaround time for priority tests -- those for hospitalized patients and symptomatic healthcare workers -- remained at one day.San Diego County operates 33 free testing sites for COVID-19, but ABC 10News found turnaround times can vary.Have you waited more than 7 days for COVID-19 test results? Email our reporter.Team10’s Adam Racusin got his negative test results from the site in Lakeside back in three days.The county’s goal is to report all test results within three days, although the current average is between three and five days for non-priority tests, according to County Health and Human Services Agency Director Nick Macchione.The county typically reports priority tests within 24 to 48 hours for vulnerable populations like individuals at skilled nursing facilities and first responders, he said.I visited the testing site in the SDCCU Stadium parking lot and got my negative test results back in seven days, after I placed a call to the County Nurse Line inquiring about them.“It’s about resources,” said County Public Health Officer Dr. Wilma Wooten.Wooten suggested that the recent spike in demand could be playing a role in increased wait times for results.The county uses its own lab to test samples, but when the lab gets backed up it sends samples to private labs that have been inundated with demand.In addition to Quest, Lab Corp and CVS Minute Clinic have reported long waits linked to high demand in recent days.In hard-hit Arizona, ABC News reported that some people are waiting up to 10 days for results."When we tell them, go home, self-isolate, quarantine yourself until we get back to you and that period of time is a week to 10 days, people start to kind of diverge from those suggestions within a few days,” said Dr. Tyler Smith, a professor and epidemiologist at National University.He said not only can testing delays lead to more infections if people waiting for results venture out in public, the added time makes contact tracing more difficult.There are already signs of strain on the county’s ability to do contact tracing: as of Monday, the county was able to launch just 57 percent of its case investigations within 24 hours, setting off one of its warning triggers.The county says it is taking steps to speed up testing in its lab, including adding staff and securing new testing equipment that has yet to arrive. The county has also added shifts at the lab, going with up to three shifts a day to process specimens.As the number of cases grows in San Diego County, there could be future delays in turnaround time at the county lab, “but likely not beyond where it is today,” said spokesman Tim McClain.“Everyone should be practicing social distancing, good handwashing and wearing of a face covering,” he said via email. “Individuals who felt symptomatic or otherwise had a strong belief they had the virus should isolate themselves and follow other public health precautions until the results come back.” 3362

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- With COVID-19 cases surging again across California, friends of a local, single dad diagnosed with coronavirus are rallying to support him.Alfredo Huerta, 53, who lives in Linda Vista, first started feeling sick in early November. His first symptom was shortness of breath, which he initially blamed on his asthma."He then feeling started feeling joint pain, his whole body ached and continued to worse. Then he got a fever," said his friend Alana Hoang.Hoang says two Fridays ago, while Huerta was waiting in his primary care doctors office, his conditions worsened."Shortness of breath got worse. He couldn't breathe ... He ended up in the ER," said Hoang.There, Huerta tested positive for COVID-19 and was admitted."He was very scared. He didn't want his kids to have to go through something so traumatic again, like they did with their mother," said Hoang.Huerta, a father of four - two adult children and two teens - lost his wife Sara nearly five years ago to cancer.Alone in the hospital, his thoughts turned to his children."He was afraid he wasn't going to be there for them, so he started thinking the worst," said Huerta.Meanwhile, Hoang started a Gofundme campaign to help the man she says is "part of the family."Huerta, a gardener, has been working with her for 15 years."He is just so kind and gives of himself. He works harder than anyone I've know. We just pray every day he can go back to his normal," said Hoang.This weekend, the news she was waiting for: Huerta was released. He remains weak with some breathing issues. He'll be retested soon, and he's not sure when he'll return to work.Hoang says Huerta has a message for others."Take precautions. I think he would say that ... there were times when he didn't have it, when he should have, so just being cautious with our masks," said Hoang. 1841

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