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How do astronauts go to the bathroom? It’s a question children have wondered for years, and now NASA wants help creating a better way.In a statement posted on their website, NASA is calling on the entire world to submit design concepts for compact toilets that can operate in both microgravity and lunar gravity.NASA is preparing to return to the Moon by 2024 as part of project Artemis, and as they upgrade other aspects of the flight, they are seeking new ideas for toilet facilities when astronauts are in the cabin and out of their spacesuits.Specially-designed toilets exist on the International Space Station already, however according to NASA, they were designed for microgravity only.NASA and HeroX are offering financial and merchandise rewards for winning design concepts in this Lunar Loo contest.Details about how to enter the contest can be found here. 873

In a victory for employers and the Trump administration, the Supreme Court on Monday said that employers could block employees from banding together as a class to fight legal disputes in employment arbitration agreements.Justice Neil Gorsuch delivered the opinion for the 5-4 majority, his first major opinion since joining the court last spring and a demonstration of how the Senate Republicans' move to keep liberal nominee Merrick Garland from being confirmed in 2016 has helped cement a conservative court."This is the Justice Gorsuch that I think most everyone expected," said Steve Vladeck, CNN contributor and professor of law at the University of Texas School of Law. "Not only is he endorsing the conservative justices' controversial approach to arbitration clauses, but he's taking it an important step further by extending that reasoning to employment agreements, as well."Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg took the rare step of reading her dissent from the bench, calling the majority opinion in Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis "egregiously wrong.""The court today holds enforceable these arm-twisted, take-it-or-leave-it contracts -- including the provisions requiring employees to litigate wage and hours claims only one-by-one. Federal labor law does not countenance such isolation of employees," she said.In the majority opinion, Gorsuch maintained the "decision does nothing to override" what Congress has done."Congress has instructed that arbitration agreements like those before us must be enforced as written," he said.As the dissent recognizes, the legislative policy embodied in the (National Labor Relations Act) is aimed at 'safeguard[ing], first and foremost, workers' rights to join unions and to engage in collective bargaining," he wrote. "Those rights stand every bit as strong today as they did yesterday."Gorusch, responding to Ginsburg's claim that the court's decision would resurrect so-called "yellow dog" contracts which barred an employee from joining a union, said that "like most apocalyptic warnings, this one proves a false alarm."The case was the biggest business case of the term, and represented a clash between employers who prefer to handle disputes through arbitration against employees who want to be able to band together to bring their challenges and not be required to sign class action bans.It also pitted two federal laws against each other.One, the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), gives employees the right to self organization to "engage in concerted activities for the purpose of mutual aid or protection" the other, the 1925 Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) allows employers to "settle by arbitration."Lawyers for employers, who have long backed arbitration as a means of resolving disputes, argued that class action waivers are permissible under the 1925 law. They say the NLRA does not contain a congressional command precluding enforcement of the waivers.The Trump administration supported the employers in the case, a switch from the Obama administration's position.  3034

If you think students are done protesting gun violence, get ready for the National School Walkout.On Friday morning, students from more than 2,500 schools across the country will stream out of class to demand lawmakers take action.While the theme is familiar, this event is different. Here's what you need to know about Friday's student-led movement: 358

In a sharp turn of events, a San Francisco judge denied Monsanto's request to nix a 0 million award to a man who said he got terminal cancer from Roundup weedkiller.But she's also slashing that man's punitive award down to about million.Former school groundskeeper Dewayne Johnson was the first cancer patient to take Monsanto to trial, claiming Roundup gave him non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Jurors sided with Johnson and awarded him 0 million in punitive damages (to punish Monsanto) and about million in compensatory damages (for Johnson's lost income, pain and suffering).The jury's verdict came in August. But on October 10, the tide appeared to turn in Monsanto's favor.That's when Superior Court Judge Suzanne Bolanos issued a tentative ruling granting Monsanto's request for a JNOV -- a judgment notwithstanding verdict. That's basically when a judge in a civil case overrules the jury's decision.Bolanos said the plaintiff "presented no clear and convincing evidence of malice or oppression to support an award of punitive damages." In other words, Johnson's entire 0 million punitive award was in jeopardy.The judge gave attorneys on both sides a few days to respond and further make their cases.When she issued her final ruling Monday, Bolanos reversed her tentative ruling and denied Monsanto's request for a JNOV.But it wasn't a complete victory for Johnson. Instead of 9 million in combined damage awards, Johnson is slated to get a total of about million.Bolanos said the punitive award was too high and needed to match Johnson's million compensatory award."In enforcing due process limits, the court does not sit as a replacement for the jury but only as a check on arbitrary awards," Bolanos wrote in her ruling Monday."The punitive damages award must be constitutionally reduced to the maximum allowed by due process in this case -- ,253,209.35 -- equal to the amount of compensatory damages awarded by the jury based on its findings of harm to the plaintiff."Monsanto had also requested a new trial on the punitive damages. The judge said that request will be denied if Johnson accepts the smaller punitive award. If he does not accept the million punitive award, then a new trial would be set.The 1 million plummet in Johnson's punitive award caught some legal experts by surprise, including University of Richmond?law professor Carl Tobias."I am somewhat surprised, but the punitive damage award was high even though the (percentage of) reduction was steep," Tobias said. "No one thought the plaintiff would retain the whole (punitive damages) award." 2626

In California’s Coachella Valley, people are concerned about catching the novel coronavirus.“They’re scared; they’re freaking out,” said Jorge Garcia, who contracted the virus. “I was scared at first because you hear a lot of stories that people don’t make it, they get really sick.” A lot of people in the desert community, located about two hours east of Los Angeles, are getting sick.Local county health officials report more than 36,000 confirmed cases of coronavirus in the area and more than 680 deaths.Now, health experts say there aren't enough doctors and nurses to handle the spike in cases.“At one point we had over 90 patients in the hospital with COVID,” said Alan Williamson, MD, Chief Medical Officer at Eisenhower Health in Rancho Mirage, Ca. “I think we had about three beds available at our peak.”Williamson says his staff is overworked and pushed to its limits. And that bringing in traveling nurses to help lighten the load is no longer an option.“Because of national nature of this pandemic, all of those resources were basically tapped out,” he said.Now, help is on the way from the United States military.“The Department of Defense is committed to this fight,” said U.S. Army Major General Mike Stone, who is helping lead a joint military team to help civilian hospitals fight COVID-19.“We’re tailoring the force,” he said. “We’re giving exactly what’s required where it’s needed on the frontlines to save people’s lives.”To help slow the spread of this virus and provide relief for staff, Stone says the Department of Defense has sent nearly 600 health care workers from different branches of the military to support almost two dozen hospitals in California and Texas.“There is a lot of need and if we can save a life, that’s why we’re there,” he said.The cost of this mission has not been totaled, but Stone says the price is well worth it, as the military shows its commitment to the country.“When the chips are down, America always pulls together,” he said. “We’re here for however long it takes.” 2032