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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Just in time for the San Diego Zoo's reopening this month, a recent animal addition will be making his debut.A 2-month-old male pygmy hippopotamus, named Akobi, and his mother, Mabel, have been moved from the park's maternity habitat to the main pygmy hippo habitat in the Lost Forest area of the zoo.Akobi, born on April 9 and the first success pygmy hippo birth at the zoo in more than 30 years, stayed close to his mom once introduced to the habitat. But the zoo says he's already exploring the large pool, new terrain, and other animals in the shared habitat.RELATED: San Diego Zoo, Safari Park to reopen June 20"We’re excited to welcome guests back to the San Diego Zoo, so they can see this adorable calf who has brought his wildlife care team so much joy," said Leanne Klinski, wildlife care specialist for primates. "Akobi is doing great at navigating the pygmy hippo habitat, and I look forward to seeing the interactions between him and the primates who live in this habitat, too."Akobi can be seen from the morning until early afternoon in the Lost Forest habitat.Pygmy hippos are listed as Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. The animals live in rivers and streams in the forests of West Africa. Less than 2,500 pygmy hippos now remain in Africa. The species are primarily threatened by logging, farming, and human settlement. 1426

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Lunar New Year kicks off in San Diego and thousands prepare to celebrate a civil rights icon.Lunar New Year celebrations at SDCCU Stadium and SeaWorld are running through the weekend in celebration of the Year of the Rat. Locals can check out all the delicious Asian-inspired foods and traditional dancing and performances marking the occasion.This weekend will also celebrate Martin Luther King Jr. as floats, marching bands, and more parade down Harbor Dr. to pay tribute to Dr. King and his work during the civil rights movement. 10News live be live streaming the parade on 10News.com, our 10News mobile app, on Facebook, and on your television streaming device (Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire).MORE: Don't see anything you like? Check out our event calendar for even more local eventsOr, visit with the camels, sheep, birds, and more in Ramona, where Oasis Camel Dairy Farm is holding an open house event with tons of activities for families. Borrego Springs also packs a weekend of cinematic fun in the desert with their annual film festival. Here's a look at all the fun this weekend:THURSDAYBorrego Springs Film FestivalWhere: Borrego Springs Performing Arts Center; Cost: - 5(Thursday - Sunday) Enjoy the works of young and seasoned filmmakers at the Borrego Springs Film Festival, filled with opportunities to network with filmmakers, take part in Q&A sessions, listen to panel discussions, and check out a variety of wonderful films.Winter Paradice: Skate, Create and CelebrateWhere: Fleet Science Center; Cost: -(Thursday - Sunday) The holiday spirit is still strong at The Fleet Science Center for a special winter exhibit. Take off your flip flops and get skating on a synthetic ice rink, make your own ornament, or create your own ice cream as a holiday treat at the Skate, Create, Celebrate exhibit. Special pricing and hours also invite guests out for late-night skating and cocktails.FRIDAYSan Diego Lunar New Year FestivalWhere: SDCCU Stadium; Cost: - (Friday - Sunday) SDCCU Stadium hosts the San Diego Lunar New Year Festival, bringing dragon and lion dancing, firecrackers, games, a variety of local food vendors, and more for three days in celebration of Lunar New Year.Shen Yun 2020Where: California Center for the Performing Arts, Escondido; Cost: - 0(Friday - Sunday) The excitement of Shen Yun returns to San Diego, bringing a colorful and theatric display of traditional Chinese culture through five millennia. With stunning costumes, high-tech backdrops, and a unique blend of music and dance, Shen Yun immerses audiences into a multi-dimensional journey of classic Chinese dance. SATURDAYThe Oddities & Curiosities ExpoWhere: Del Mar Fairgrounds; Cost: Free-Explore the world of the strange and unusual at the Del Mar Fairgrounds at the San Diego Offities & Curiosities Expo. Guests can peruse jewelry made from bones, skulls, insects, original artwork, performances featuring human suspension, and more of the strange, weird, and unusual.Oasis Camel Dairy Open Farm eventWhere: Oasis Camel Dairy; Cost: - (Saturday - Sunday) Enjoy a weekend in Ramona visiting camels, sheep, donkeys, and more at Oasis Camel Dairy. The farm's Open Farm event invites the public in for camel rides, pet feeding, a game area, bird and animal shows, and more farm exhibits.Bloom Yoga fundraiserWhere: Bloom Yoga, El Cajon; Cost: VariesBloom Yoga is hosting a donation-based yoga class to help a Jamul 6-year-old boy who was involved in a car accident and is currently hospitalized. The yoga studio is hosting a class in hopes of raising money to help his mom with medical expenses.SeaWorld Lunar New YearWhere: SeaWorld San Diego; Cost: Starting at online(Thursday - Sunday) SeaWorld is hosting a month's worth of Lunar New Year celebrations featuring amazing acrobatics, dancing and cultural performances around the park, as well as interactive activities for families and, of course, some delicious Asian-inspired cuisine for Lunar New Year.SUNDAY40th annual Martin Luther King Jr. Day ParadeWhere: Harbor Drive; Cost: FreeThe 40th annual Martin Luther King Jr. Parade steps off on Jan. 19, bringing floats, high school bands and drill teams, colleges, churches, and many more to Harbor Drive to honor the work of Dr. King. The parade is free and begins at 2 p.m. in front of the County Administration building.San Diego Restaurant WeekWhere: Various locations; Cost: - San Diego Restaurant Week brings special pricing and delicious eats to hungry locals, with more than 180 restaurants taking part in the week-long event offering two-course lunch price points from to , and three-course dinner options from to .Carlsbad Marathon, Half Marathon, and 5KWhere: Marron Rd. and Monroe St.; Cost: - 9San Diego runners take off in the first of three races this year as part of the Triple Crown series with the Carlsbad Full or Half Marathon. Carlsbad's half marathon takes runners on 8 miles along the Pacific Ocean, Buena Vista Lagoon, and on Highway 101. The out-and-back course is described as "gently rolling" with no major elevation changes and mostly unobstructed views of the ocean. 5193

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - In an effort to drive environmentally-friendly urban commuting, bike and scooter sharing companies have rolled into San Diego County — creating some headaches along the way.With the travel alternative, though, has come a glimpse into a greener future for congested roadways.Though in San Diego since February, ofo officially joined the city's expanding field of dockless bike and scooter options Monday. The company joins competing options Bird, LimeBike, MoBike, and DecoBike. RELATED: Thousands taking advantage of dockless bikes, scooters"Having ofo in San Diego is a boon for our region,” Colin Parent, Executive Director for Circulate San Diego, said. "As transportation advocates, we welcome ofo to San Diego as an innovative solution to meeting San Diego’s environmental goals and providing transportation options."Riders simply download the ofo mobile app, scan the QR code on the bike to unlock it, and they're on their way. Rides run an hour, according to ofo. When finished, riders safely — and legally — park the bike and manually lock it to end the trip.Safely and legally means placing the bike out of the way of traffic and people walking or biking themselves.RELATED: Unique bike app Limebike rolls out in Imperial BeachThe Boardwalk stretching from Mission Bay to Pacific Beach is a prime example of both the pitfalls and ease of use, as users glide along but also run into congestion among walkers, runners, and skateboarders.Witnesses have told 10News they've seen scooter riders not wearing a helmet and people riding where they're not supposed to, in addition to bikes left only to block others.San Diego Police said the dockless bike and scooter movement is so new they haven't had the ability yet to issue citations and track riders.How do you feel about San Diego's bike- and scooter-sharing boon? Vote in our 10News poll below: 1942

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Looking for a supportive way to celebrate Veterans Day in San Diego? Go out for dinner.More than 50 local restaurants will be donating a portion of their proceeds from Nov. 10 to 12 during the "You Dine, We Donate. Salute to Service" fundraiser for Veterans Day, which will benefit veterans and military organizations.RELATED: Veterans Day 2017: Freebies and DealsA full list of restaurants participating across the county can be found online.Proceeds will benefit Warriors Foundation - Freedom Station, an organization that provides military service members with quality-of-life items, support resources, and more.For more information on Warriors Foundation - Freedom Station, visit their website. 730

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