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BEIJING, Oct. 13 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists have decoded the genome of Black Death which caused one of the worst plagues in human history.The finding was published Wednesday in the scientific journal Nature.A team of German, Canadian and American scientists collected the bacteria's DNA from ancient plague victims' teeth and bones, which were excavated from the burial ground in London.With a careful NDA comparison between the ancient bacteria and the modern strains, scientists found the direct variant of the medieval bacteria still exist today.Black Death's descendants kill around 2,000 people a year, mostly in the developing world, the scientist said."This will provide us with direct insights into the evolution of human pathogens and historical pandemics," said Johannes Krause Of Germany's University of Tubingen, who worked on the study.Black Death, the fatal plague of medieval Europe, wiped out some 30 million people -- about 50 percent of the population on the continent, within just five years, between 1347 and 1351.

BEIJING, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- A Chinese Mars orbiter named Yinghuo-1 was successfully launched on Wednesday morning from Russian-leased Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, China's authorities said. The orbiter was launched by a Zenit-2 booster rocket at 4:16 a.m. Beijing time Wednesday (2016 GMT Tuesday), hitching a ride on Russia's Phobos-Grunt (Phobos-Soil) craft, an unmanned probe on Phobos, a moon of Mars, said China's State Administration for Sciences, Technology, and Industry for National Defence.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Kepler mission has confirmed its first planet in the "habitable zone," a region where liquid water could exist on a planet's surface, the U.S. space agency announced on Monday.The newly-confirmed planet, Kepler-22b, is the smallest yet found to orbit in the middle of the habitable zone of a star similar to Sun. The planet is about 2.4 times the radius of Earth. Scientists don't yet know if Kepler-22b has a predominantly rocky, gaseous or liquid composition, but its discovery is a step closer to finding Earth-like planets.Previous research hinted at the existence of near-Earth-size planets in habitable zones, but clear confirmation proved elusive. Two other small planets orbiting stars smaller and cooler than Sun recently were confirmed on the very edges of the habitable zone, with orbits more closely resembling those of Venus and Mars.Kepler-22's star is a bit smaller than our sun, so its habitable zone is slightly closer in. The diagram shows an artist's rendering of the planet comfortably orbiting within the habitable zone, similar to where Earth circles the sun. Kepler-22b has a yearly orbit of 289 days. The planet is the smallest known to orbit in the middle of the habitable zone of a sun-like star. It's about 2.4 times the size of Earth."This is a major milestone on the road to finding Earth's twin, " said Douglas Hudgins, Kepler program scientist at the NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Kepler's results continue to demonstrate the importance of NASA's science missions, which aim to answer some of the biggest questions about our place in the universe."Kepler discovers planets and planet candidates by measuring dips in the brightness of more than 150,000 stars to search for planets that cross in front, or "transit," the stars. Kepler requires at least three transits to verify a signal as a planet."Fortune smiled upon us with the detection of this planet," said William Borucki, Kepler principal investigator at the NASA Ames Research Center who led the team that discovered Kepler-22b. "The first transit was captured just three days after we declared the spacecraft operationally ready. We witnessed the defining third transit over the 2010 holiday season."The Kepler science team uses ground-based telescopes and the Spitzer Space Telescope to review observations on planet candidates the spacecraft finds. The star field that Kepler observes in the constellations Cygnus and Lyra can only be seen from ground-based observatories in spring through early fall. The data from these other observations help determine which candidates can be validated as planets.Kepler-22b is located 600 light years away. While the planet is larger than Earth, its orbit of 290 days around a Sun-like star resembles that of Earth. The planet's host star belongs to the same class as Sun, called G-type, although it is slightly smaller and cooler.Of the 54 habitable-zone planet candidates reported in February 2011, Kepler-22b is the first to be confirmed. This finding will be published in The Astrophysical Journal.

BEIJING, Jan. 17 (Xinhuanet) -- India has reported the first case of "totally drug-resistant tuberculosis," a long-feared and virtually untreatable form of the killer lung disease.Similar highly resistant cases have been noted before. In 2003, two Italian women died and there were 15 cases reported from Iran in 2009. That same year, The Associated Press reported on a case of a Peruvian teenager who was infected at home but diagnosed while visiting Florida.Such kind of TB has mostly been limited to impoverished areas, and has not spread widely. But experts believe there could be many undocumented cases.No one expects the Indian TB strains to rapidly spread elsewhere.The airborne disease is mainly transmitted through close personal contact and isn't nearly as contagious as the flu. Indeed, most of the cases of this kind of TB were not from person-to-person infection but were mutations that occurred in poorly treated patients.The Indian hospital that saw the initial cases tested a dozen medicines and none of them worked. A TB expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said they do appear to be totally resistant to available drugs."It is concerning," said Dr. Kenneth Castro, director of the CDC's Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. "Anytime we see something like this, we better get on top of it before it becomes a more widespread problem."Ordinary TB is easily cured by taking antibiotics for six to nine months. However, if that treatment is interrupted or the dose is cut down, the stubborn bacteria battle back and mutate into a tougher strain that can no longer be killed by standard drugs. The disease becomes harder and more expensive to treat.Tuberculosis is an age-old scourge that lies dormant in an estimated one in three people. About 10 percent of those people eventually develop active TB, which kills roughly 2 million a year, according to WHO. Each victim infects an average of 10 to 15 others every year, typically through sneezing or coughing.If a TB case is found to be resistant to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, the patient is classified as having multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR). An even worse classification of TB — one the WHO accepts — is extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), a form of the disease that was first reported in 2006 and is virtually resistant to all drugs.About 20 percent of the world's multi-drug-resistant cases were found in India, which is home to a quarter of all types of tuberculosis cases worldwide.

BEIJING, Jan. 19 (Xinhua) -- A senior official of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on Thursday extended festival greetings to members of the judiciary and police officers of Beijing, ahead of the country's Lunar New Year which falls on Jan. 23.Zhou Yongkang, secretary of the Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs of the CPC Central Committee, met with traffic police, firefighters, armed policemen, prosecutors and judges, prison guards, and families of police officers who died on duty.He urged the judiciary and police to give top priority in 2012 to maintaining social stability in the capital in the run-up to the CPC's 18th national congress.Zhou Yongkang (R front), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also secretary of the CPC Central Political and Legislative Affairs Committee, shakes hands with an armed policeman on duty at a troop station in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 19, 2012. Zhou visited traffic police, firefighters, armed policemen, justices and procurators, jail police, and families of policemen who died on duties in Beijing on Thursday and extended festival greetings to them ahead of the Lunar New Year, which falls on Jan. 23 this year.He also noted the judiciary and police have completed tasks with honor over the past year, making great contributions to the stability of Beijing and the entire country.Zhou, also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, expressed his appreciation to those armed police on duty during Spring Festival.While visiting a district-level court and procuratorate, Zhou urged staff of the judiciary to attach great importance to providing services, so to improve public confidence in the country's justice system.During his visit to Beijing's fire command headquarter, Zhou urged officers to be high on alert during Spring Festival, to prevent disastrous accidents and ensure the city's residents have a safe and happy holiday.

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