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The opioid crisis cost the U.S. economy 1 billion from 2015 through last year — and it may keep getting more expensive, according to a study released Tuesday by the Society of Actuaries.The biggest driver of the cost over the four-year period is unrealized lifetime earnings of those who died from the drugs, followed by health care costs.While more than 2,000 state and local governments have sued the drug industry over the crisis, the report released Tuesday finds that governments bear less than one-third of the financial costs. The rest of it affects individuals and the private sector.The federal government is tracking how many lives are lost to the opioid crisis (more than 400,000 Americans since 2000), but pinning down the financial cost is less certain.A U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report from found the cost for 2013 at billion. That’s less than half the cost that the latest report has found in more recent years. The crisis also has deepened since 2013, with fentanyl and other strong synthetic opioids contributing to a higher number of deaths. Overall, opioid-related death numbers rose through 2017 before leveling off last year at about 47,000.A study published in 2017 by the White House Council of Economic Advisers estimated a far higher cost — just over 0 billion a year. The new study notes that the White House one used much higher figures for the value of lives lost to opioids — attempting to quantify their economic value rather than just future income.The actuaries’ report is intended partly to help the insurance industry figure out how to factor opioid use disorder into policy pricing.It found that the cost of the opioid crisis this year is likely to be between 1 billion and 4 billion. Even under the most optimistic scenario, the cost would be higher than it was in 2017.The study was released just ahead of the first federal trial on the opioid crisis, scheduled to start next week in Cleveland where a jury will hear claims from Ohio’s Cuyahoga and Summit counties against six companies. The counties claim the drug industry created a public nuisance and should pay.The report found that criminal justice and child-welfare system costs have been pushed up by the opioid epidemic.Most of the added health care costs for dealing with opioid addiction and overdoses were borne by Medicaid, Medicare and other government programs, according to the report. Still, the crisis rang up billion in commercial insurance costs last year. Lost productivity costs added another billion.Businesses have begun noticing. Last week, a small West Virginia home improvement company, Al Marino Inc., filed a class-action lawsuit against several companies, claiming the opioid crisis was a reason its health insurance costs were skyrocketing.Still, the biggest cost burden fell on families due to lost earnings of those who died. Those mortality costs alone came to more than billion last year, the report said.Members of a committee representing unsecured creditors helping guide opioid maker Purdue Pharma’s bankruptcy process have been calling for money in any settlement to go toward to people affected by the crisis and not just governments. 3225

The judge in the case of a former Dallas police officer charged with murder in the death of Botham Jean, a 26-year-old black accountant, in his own apartment said Monday she intends to sequester the jury for the proceedings.District Judge Tammy Kemp's announcement came after attorneys for the former officer, Amber Guyger, informed the judge that Dallas County District Attorney John Creuzot conducted an interview with a local television station Sunday night, despite a gag order in the case.In the interview, Creuzot spoke about how observers were "misinterpreting" the facts of the case and how murder was the appropriate charge for Guyger.Kemp was visibly annoyed and asked, "Let me be clear on last night: The evening prior to the start of this trial, our elected district attorney did an interview about this trial?" Defense lawyers confirmed he had.The judge asked a prosecutor whether he was aware of the interview, and he replied he'd been informed Monday morning. Kemp asked where Creuzot was, and the prosecutor said he hadn't spoken to the district attorney Monday."Hmm. Curious," Kemp said before calling a recess to examine the video.Guyger's defense team requested a mistrial, but when Kemp returned to the courtroom she said she would be sequestering the jury and interviewing them on whether they saw Creuzot's interview.Spectators turned awayGuyger arrived at the Frank Crowley Courts Building in the morning, and local clergy held a prayer vigil outside before Kemp began handling pretrial motions in the case.Interest in the case is high. A large crowd gathered outside the courtroom, unable to enter the 49-seat venue. One woman shouted, "This is an injustice," as would-be spectators were turned away.Pamela Grayson of Duncanville, southwest of Dallas, was particularly upset. She said she's always gotten along well with white people. She's studied hard, earning her doctorate, and never been in trouble with the law, but Jean's case "changed my life," she said."I always thought that if I did right that the police brutality wouldn't come my way," she continued, tears welling in her eyes. "I stand on my own two feet and I do right. Botham did that, and he's still dead. So now, I have no safety. How am I supposed to stop somebody from breaking into my home and killing me and getting away with it?"On September 6, 2018, Guyger fatally shot Jean in his apartment, saying she believed it was her unit, which was one floor below, police said.Guyger was indicted on the murder charge more than two months later. She has pleaded not guilty, and faces up to life in prison if convicted.The shooting sparked days of protests in Dallas and calls for the white officer to be charged. Civil rights lawyer Benjamin Crump, one of the Jean family attorneys, said the shooting was another example of the threat of violence black people live with.'I thought it was my apartment'Guyger was off duty but still in uniform when she parked her car at the South Side Flats and walked to what she believed was her apartment, according to 3056

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is warning consumers in the US not to eat, serve or sell any Cavi brand whole, fresh papayas because they "are likely the source" of a salmonella outbreak.The 217

The end of Christmas season signals the start of return season, when Americans take their gifts back to shopping malls and online retailers in pursuit of different sizes, different colors or full-blown refunds. The good news is that stores have loosened return policies in recent years. Many allow customers 30 days after Christmas to make a return. However, some consumers are already finding their returns rejected. Typically, this happens for one of three reasons.Short window for electronicsMany shoppers believe a 30 day return window is standard.However, Apple and Best Buy are two major retailers that have 626

The debate of whether to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been an ongoing issue in the country since 1977. As of 2017, the Republicans were successful in opening up drilling with the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. If the Trump Administration completes its review, an auction for drilling leases could happen by the end of the year. However, indigenous groups are trying to fight this possibility, claiming the drilling threatens their way of life. Leasing in ANWR was blocked for four decades prior to this. According to Energywire, the oil-dependent state has suffered from the industry's decline, and waning production on the North Slope threatens the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) with a dwindling amount of oil that could fall below the minimum threshold to move. TAPS is both practically and symbolically central to the crude industry of Alaska.Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R) told Enerygywire in 2017, “Alaskans can now look forward to our best opportunity to refill the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, thousands of jobs that will pay better wages, and potentially billion in royalties for our state alone."However, indigenous groups continue to fight to protect ANWR, not only for their way of life, but for the animals as well. “I am part of a long line of people born into Gwich’in nation of Fort Yukon, Alaska,” says Bernadette Demientieff, an outspoken activist against the drilling.The Gwich’in are comprised of 14 different communities of about 9,000 people. Demientieff is from Fort Yukon, Alaska, which is just south of ANWR. She lives in Fairbanks, Alaska now, but keeps to her indigenous roots with her family. “We pick berries every summer,” Demientieff says, while cleaning blueberries with her daughter. “It’s something our ancestors did and survived off. So, it’s something that has been handed down to us. It’s part of our culture and history, and it’s important we pass that knowledge and education to the next generation.”Demientieff advocates against the drilling in the refuge, because that’s where the Gwich’in’s main source of food breeds.“We do not worship the caribou, but we hold them to high standards,” she says. “The caribou has sustained the Gwich’in for thousands of years. They’ve taken care of us for thousands of years. Now, it’s our turn to take care of them. Gwich’in have always taken care of the land – we are stewards of the land. So, if something happens to the land it happens to the animals, then it happens to us.” Fort Yukon consists of about 800 people according to the second Chief Mike Peter. “The wild life refuge is where life begins,” Peter says. “Not even a footprint is in there, that’s where caribou migrate and have their calves. People still do hunt and fish and live off the land, and if drilling were to happen it would hurt us all.”The arctic caribou population has declined by half since the 90s, from around 4 million to 2 million. The Gwich’in fear this development would decrease this number even more. “This is the remaining caribou,” Dementieff says. “You know the rest of the arctic is opened to oil and gas development, and all the caribou population have declined in that area. And they can’t tell us that our food security is going to be impacted when we see different."ANWR posses what many geologists believe is the biggest untapped oil field remaining in the country, with economic potential in the billions. The development could create tens of thousands of jobs in the first decade, and it has potential of making the country more energy dependent. The effort could keep the state’s economy alive as well. However, the Gwich’in believe the cost of wildlife and their way of life is too high. “We are not going to give up,” Dementieff says. “We’re going to continue to go to the decision makers in DC.” 3839