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CANBERRA, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- As many as a quarter of Australian women have experienced some form of assault or sexual abuse, and the higher proportion of the abuse, the higher rates of metal illness a woman tends to suffer from, a new study released on Wednesday found.Researchers from the University of Melbourne and the University of New South Wales conducted the study survey of 4451 Australian women aged 16 to 85. It looked at their experience of the four most common types of gender-based violence - sexual assault, rape, stalking and being badly beaten by their partners.About 15 percent of Australian women report sexual assault, while eight percent report rape, 10 percent said they have a stalker and eight percent report being beaten by their partner.It found strong links between those four types of violence and mental health problems including attempted suicide, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.Among the women who experienced at least one form of violence, 30 percent had a mood disorder, nearly 40 percent an anxiety disorder, 23 percent were abusing substances and 15 percent were affected by posttraumatic stress syndrome.For the women who suffered higher levels of violence, the rates of anxiety disorders was 77 percent, 52 percent for mood disorders, substance abuse 47 percent and posttraumatic stress syndrome 56 percent.More than six percent of women experienced one form of violent had attempted suicide, compared to 35 percent of women who suffered at least three forms of violence.Public health expert Dr Susan Rees from the University of New South Wales' school of psychiatry, who led the research, said she is especially concerned about the suicide rate of women who are abused."What we found was that there's a high association or a strong association between exposure to gender-based violence and all the three broad classes of mental disorder - so that includes mood, anxiety, substance abuse - and a very high association with attempted suicide," she said in the report released on Wednesday."Women who've not experienced gender-based violence have about a 1.6 percent rate of attempted suicide and that increased to six percent of women who had experienced one type of gender-based violence."She said that gender-based violence was also associated with physical disability, impaired quality of life and a worsening of any existing mental disorders.Dr Rees called for the health care system, particularly psychiatric services, to work closer with women's services to improve support for victims of violence.She added that the federal government also need to underscore the importance of getting to the root cause of the violence against women by looking at attitudes towards women and gender inequality.The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

VIENNA, Sept. 22 (Xinhua) -- Climate change and rising temperature in the long term can lead to water shortages in the Alps region, international experts warned Thursday at the Water-Scarce Final Conference in the Austrian eastern city Graz.The Alpine region originally is rich in water resources due to a large number of glaciers, spring and abundant rainfall either in summer or winter. But global warming may change this situation which has been shown in the past years that the water reserve has reduced gradually due to climate change, warned the experts.Observation data have shown a significant decrease of 25 percent in groundwater recharge in the past 100 years which has also resulted in the reduction of mountain spring.Director of the Provincial Department of Water Resources of Styria Johann Wiedner point out, in 2003, droughts occurred in the eastern part of the Alps, including the state of Styria and water shortages were also found in other regions of the Alps. He said the phenomenon was giving a warning that people "have to do something."To this end, the European Union begun a project called "Alp Water Scarce" three years ago to observe water reserves, air temperature, water temperature and water table in this region and study the relationships among them.Wiedner also admitted that there is no shortage of water at least in the short term and water supply for the local residents is totally insured.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Facebook Inc. will be probed by European Union (EU) regulators over its latest facial recognition feature rolling out worldwide, U.S. media reported on Wednesday.The feature, called Tag Suggestions, uses face recognition software to match users' new photos to other photos they are tagged in. It groups similar photos together and suggests the name of the friend in the photos.Facebook rolled out the feature in the United States late last year, where users can opt out of the feature by going to their private settings. But Facebook switched it on by default without telling users first when it became available on Tuesday in countries outside of the United States.A group of privacy watchdogs from 27 EU nations will study the measure for possible rule violations, a Luxembourg official of Article 29 Data Protection Working Party told Bloomberg. The Working Party, an independent EU advisory body on data protection and privacy, comprises the data protection regulators of all the 27 EU member states."Tags of people on pictures should only happen based on people' s prior consent and it can't be activated by default," said the Luxembourg official, Gerald Lommel. He noted that such automatic features "can bear a lot of risks for users" and the European data- protection regulators will "clarify to Facebook that this can't happen like this."Authorities in Britain and Ireland said they are also looking into the new function on Facebook. The British Information Commissioner's Office told Bloomberg that "the privacy issues that this new software might raise are obvious," saying it is "speaking to Facebook" about the issue.Facebook has been under scrutiny by EU regulators for several privacy concerns, such as users' default settings and how the company uses the information collected from its social network website.

SYDNEY, Aug. 5 (Xinhua) -- The Western Australian Government announced on Friday that 14 new substances linked to the manufacture of the synthetic drug Kronic would be banned from Friday midnight.The State Mental Health Minister Helen Morton told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) Radio on Friday morning that two substances found in Kronic Black would be banned from midnight tonight (Friday night), as well as another 12 others found in synthetic cannabis products.People caught in possession of banned synthetic cannabis face hefty fines or possible jail sentences.The government of Western Australia (WA) in June listed a number of synthetic cannabis products, including Kronic, Voodoo and Mango Kush, as illegal substances.But synthetic drug makers have since released a new product, Kronic Black Label, using a different blend of chemicals they say make it still legal to sell.Police suspect the death of a 38-year-old Perth man is linked to his smoking of the synthetic cannabis product Kronic Black Label, which contains two of the 14 substances to be banned.The man, from Hillman in Perth's south, was rushed to Rockingham Hospital on Thursday night after suffering a suspected cardiac arrest, but he later died.Police now are conducting an investigation to identify the cause of the man's death.The Australian Medical Association has warned that synthetic drugs could cause severe paranoia, anxiety and panic attacks.

UNITED NATIONS, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Marking 30 years of the HIV- AIDS pandemic, scores of heads of state and government and ministers took to the UN General Assembly podium on Wednesday to list their country's accomplishments and list challenges in the battle.The General Assembly High Level Meeting on AIDS is taking place 10 years after the UN Special Session on HIV/AIDS and also marks five years since signing of the Political Declaration in which UN member states committed to moving towards universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon UN recalled how three decades ago AIDS was spreading while "Today, we have a chance to end this epidemic once and for all."Now, instead of fear, there is hope, he said."Today, HIV is on a steep decline in some of the most affected countries. Countries like Ethiopia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe," he said. "They had the largest epidemics in the world, and they have cut infection rates by one quarter.""Globally, more than 6 million people now get treatment," Ban said. "All of these advances come thanks to you and the commitments you made, first 10 years ago and then again in 2006. Today, the challenge has changed. Today, we gather to end AIDS."However, President Joseph Deiss of the General Assembly said 10 million people still have no access to treatment and far too many people were still being infected, adding it was necessary to continue complementary and closely-linked prevention, treatment, care and support measures."We have reached a critical moment in time," he said. "We must take a holistic approach and integrate the response to AIDS into broader development programs."Michel Sidibe, executive director of the Joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), recalled how 30 years the disease was called the gay plague and slime disease. People were afraid of each other and there was no hope."This image should not disappear. It is part of our history," he said.Sidibe said the AIDS movement was the story of a people breaking the conspiracy of silence, demanding equity and dignity, confronting societies'wrongs, seizing their rights, and making a passionate call for social justice. Since then, a compact had been made between the global North and the South, which had produced lifesaving results.Now, More than 6.6 million people are being treated in low- and middle- income countries, he said, pointing out that since the initial success stories in Uganda and Thailand 56 countries, including 36 in Africa, have been able to stabilize the epidemic and reduce the number of infections significantly.Infections have been reduced by 35 percent in South Africa and by more than half in India, the UNAIDS chief said. In China, the HIV mortality rate had fallen by 64 percent, Sidibe said. Many other countries had reached universal access to treatment.He voiced what was repeated several times, and that was a call for "a transformational agenda" of "zero infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths."To put a personal face on the disease, a woman from Ukraine openly living with HIV, Tetyana Afansiadi, told her story to the delegates.She told how she had been living with HIV and using drugs for 13 years, had hepatitis C for almost 11 years but now has a husband and an 8-year-old son. Neither have HIV.Three years ago she took part in a drug therapy program that has enabled her to live, work, and take care of her son."Drug dependency and HIV-infection require treatment, not prosecution," she said.Given that opioid substitution therapy in her home city had changed the lives of people like her, it was time to stop refusing antiretroviral treatment to people who used drugs.While the heads of states and government and ministers, usually those heading up health departments, spoke in the General Assembly hall under bright lights, scores more of delegates attended five panel sessions and about 40 individual side events.Some samplings from the spotlighted dark-green podium in the great hall:President Paul Kagame of Rwanda, said, "It is time to galvanize member states to commit to a transformative agenda that overcomes the barriers to an effective, equitable and sustainable response to HIV and AIDS."Jose Angel Cordova Villalobos, health minister of Mexico, called for states to implement friendly, non-discriminatory healthcare systems as well as sex education in order to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS."To achieve this, we call to all the countries congregated here today in order that your actions are based in the framework of respect to the human rights and focusing on gender equity, that allow to consolidate an effective response to the HIV/AIDS without stigmas, discrimination, homophobia, transphobia; as well as any type of violence," he said, referring, in part, to transsexuals.The vice president of Mauritius, Monique Bellepeau, said, "The adverse impact of the AIDS epidemic on the socioeconomic progress, particularly in the developing countries, dictates that there is no time for complacency."She added, "After wrestling with AIDS for the past three decades, we are today equipped with a vast body of knowledge and various new tools to urgently complete the task. No less than strict prevention efforts and universal access to treatment, care and support are required."The speeches continue Thursday and on the final day of the three-day meeting, UN member states are expected to adopt a declaration to guide country responses to HIV over the next five years.