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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — From business closures to limits on gatherings, there’s mounting evidence that government restrictions do slow the spread of COVID-19. But which policies are the most effective?A study published this month in the journal Science aims to answer that question by examining data from 41 countries outside the U.S.The researchers examined seven kinds of COVID-19 policies in mostly European countries and compared them to case and death rates in those countries over time.The policies included limiting gatherings to 1000 people or less, to 100 people or less, and to 10 people or less; a targeted closure on high-risk businesses; a broad closure of most non-essential businesses; school and university closures; and stay-at-home orders.The authors found limiting gatherings to 10 people or less was the most effective nonpharmaceutical intervention of the seven examined, reducing the transmission rate by 42 percent.Closing schools and universities was next, cutting transmission by 38 percent. The researchers said they were not able to examine the relative importance of closing universities over grade schools because such closures were typically implemented at the same time.Next, the researchers examined the impact of two kinds of business closures. They found broad closures of most non-essential businesses were “only somewhat more effective than targeted closures” of high-risk businesses like restaurants, bars and nightclubs. Broad business closures reduced transmission by 27 percent compared to an 18 percent reduction for targeted closures.“Therefore, targeted business closures can be a promising policy option in some circumstances,” the authors wrote.The study estimates those three policies together -- closing high-risk businesses, closing schools and universities, and limiting gatherings to no more than 10 people -- are enough lower to slow the spread of the virus.In epidemiological terms, interventions are considered successful when they lower the so-called number below 1. The reproduction number, or R number, is the average number of people who become infected from one infectious person. Without interventions, the study found the R number for COVID-19 between January and May was 3.3.The study did not examine the impact of wearing masks, but other studies have found that masks can also significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19.So what about stay-at-home orders? Mandatory stay-at-home orders where people are only allowed outside for essential tasks or during certain times of the day tend to be a last resort, when there are other restrictions already in place.The researchers found mandatory stay-at-home orders cut transmission another 13 percent on top of other policies. “Issuing a stay-at-home order had a small effect when a country had already closed educational institutions, closed nonessential businesses, and banned gatherings,” the authors wrote. 2919

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- For some people who catch the coronavirus, their symptoms can last for months. Researchers are calling these patients who now test negative but still experience symptoms "long haulers." Doctors are calling the long hauler problem a big mystery.It's a new phenomenon of a new virus, stumping even the brightest researchers and doctors."I have to tell him, I don't know," Dr. Zehui Tan with Sharp Rees Stealy Rancho Bernardo said.Dr. Tan is treating an otherwise very healthy 24-year-old man who tested positive for COVID-19 in September. She says after he quarantined for 14 days, most of his symptoms went away. He retook the test, and it came back negative. But the good news was short-lived. A month later, he ended up in the ER once again."His blood test is normal, chest is fine, but they found an abnormality in the EKG -- an inflammation of the heart. It can be a complication after COVID," Dr. Tan said.Researchers believe about 10% of COVID-19 patients see a relapse in symptoms. These "long haulers" now test negative for COVID but still experience symptoms that include coughing, fatigue, body aches, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell, and brain fog."Almost three months after the COVID infection, he's still not feeling right," Dr. Tan said.Researchers say there does not seem to be a consistent reason or type of patient who becomes long-haulers."We see people die long from COVID, and I have a 92-year-old just fully recovered, so you just never know what's going to happen in your body once you get this COVID," Dr. Tan said.So it could be a long road ahead until her patient feels like himself again."We don't know," Dr. Tan said. "The only thing we can give is offer lots of support, treat them symptomatically, and then just watch and wait."Experts say patients who had bad respiratory issues may develop permanent lung damage. However, those who lost their sense of taste and smell will likely get those senses back. 1973

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Evacuations across San Diego County during large wildfires will look different this fire season due to the pandemic.Sean Mahoney, Regional Chief Executive Officer for the American Red Cross Southern California Region, said they've put together a plan for families that could be impacted by wildfires this year.Mahoney said it starts with the temporary evacuation points, where families can initially go after being evacuated. That is a place for them to safety wait until firefighters can get the fire under control and to receive information.Mahoney said buildings like community centers and libraries have traditionally served as temporary evacuation points, but putting people indoors now carries risk due to COVID-19.This year, the Red Cross has identified several possible temporary evacuation points that would be safer during the pandemic. Many are local school parking lots. Instead of waiting indoors, they will ask for families to remain in their vehicles until a Red Cross worker can attend to them."We would approach their window, we would have a mask, and we would get their cell numbers, and from that point on, we can use cell phones to give them updates," Mahoney said.Mahoney added they picked parking structures with shade so families can be more comfortable.In cases where families need to be sheltered overnight, Mahoney said they have two plans, depending on the situation."If there are just a small number of people displaced, we'll put them in hotel rooms we'll have Red Cross people in the hotels, and then we'll just have to adjust feeding them as well," Mahoney said. "It'll be much more costly, but we have a responsibility, and it's our mission to provide sheltering and feeding folks on the worst day of their lives, and we take it very seriously."In cases where they have to establish an overnight shelter, Mahoney said they would look to set up several shelters with fewer people at each one. Space and capacity would be factors."Certainly at the shelters, our staff will be wearing masks, and taking those precautions as far advanced cleaning and separating people and separating cots. We will also provide masks to people that come in and make sure they do health checks as they come in," Mahoney said. 2262

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - For months San Diego bee removal companies have been swarmed with calls to remove hives, but where is best to relocate them?One Encinitas company has a solution, hooking up property owners who want bees with beekeepers."When your house gets invaded by bees, instead of spraying them with poison we take them out alive and chemical-free and find good homes for them," said James Mcdonald, founder of the Encinitas Bee Company.Mcdonald will relocate hives to homes or businesses interested in hosting a hive; then a local beekeeper will tend to them."Hundreds of potential beekeepers living in apartments would love to keep bees, but they have no land," said Mcdonald. The Host a Hive program is free for property owners, and they get to keep any honey produced. Mcdonald said he shared a post on Nextdoor about the program and was flooded with messages from people wanting to host a hive. He currently has several bee hives at home that he'd like to relocate. "I'm bursting at the seam and really need people and beekeepers that are willing to help me," said Mcdonald. His ultimate goal is not only to save bees but make people environmentally conscious.To learn more about hosting a hive contact Mcdonald at: (858) 750-5438. 1252

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Despite pleas from health agencies to stay home during the holidays, millions of Americans are taking to the skies.A crowded airport and long-awaited hugs are exactly what health officials did not want to see this holiday season."The airport, I felt, was a little more crowded than expected," traveler David Miller said. "People apparently want to travel in spite of COVID."Whether it's to see an elderly family member, not break tradition, or make up for lost time, travelers packed the San Diego International Airport Thursday."They had to cancel Thanksgiving. They were coming home, and we didn't see them then, so we wanted to see them now," Miller's wife, Jan, said.Health officials have been warning for weeks that Christmas travel is like a 'Super Spreader' of the COVID-19 virus. Gatherings will cause a surge in the already short-staffed hospital systems, and that the death toll will increase. But even with the direst public health warnings, the TSA says around one million people have gone through their checkpoints every day since Dec. 18, 2020.Jan and David Miller flew into San Diego Thursday afternoon."I had concerns, probably greater than my wife, that perhaps flying wasn't a safe choice. However, my wife said I'd be living with a very depressed wife if we didn't come to see our children in California," Miller laughed.So it turned from a guilt trip to a Christmas trip. But the Millers say they are taking serious precautions."Our son thought maybe it would be safe for us to quarantine some and spend time apart from them in a separate location, so we're doing that in an Air BnB," David Miller said.They will first spend a little time away so that the rest of the time, they can enjoy all that San Diego has to offer together."The weather's a little bit more cloudy than what we're used to in San Diego, but obviously, it's much warmer than Ohio, where it is snowing right now," Miller said. 1943

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