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LOS ANGELES, June 5 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have developed two new drugs that can prolong the lives of patients with advanced melanoma, it was announced on Sunday.Research on both drugs was presented at the on-going annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, according to HealthDay News.This is the first big news in years for treatment of melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer and one that is notoriously difficult to treat, let alone cure, the report said.The first treatment, vemurafenib, inhibits a gene mutation harbored in half of all melanoma patients, but is not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The other drug, Yervoy (ipilumumab), is an immune system therapy that won approval in March."The March FDA approval of ipilumumab (Yervoy) was the first new drug approval for melanoma in 13 years," said Tim Turnham, executive director of the Melanoma Research Foundation.The two drugs were developed by researchers at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, the report said."This is really a huge step toward personalized care in melanoma," Dr. Paul Chapman, lead author of the first study and the attending physician in the melanoma/sarcoma service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, said in a statement. "This (vemurafenib) is the first successful melanoma treatment tailored to patients who carry a specific gene mutation in their tumor, and could eventually become one of only two drugs available that improves overall survival in advanced cancers.""Having two trials that show a benefit in survival in patients with melanoma, both of these in first-line settings -- we weren't here just a few years ago," said Dr. Stephen Hodi, director of the Melanoma Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "These are huge, paradigm-shifting results for the field."In the vemurafenib trial, sponsored by the drug's makers, researchers randomly assigned 675 patients with advanced, inoperable melanoma to receive either the chemotherapy drug dacarbazine or vemurafenib. Vemurafenib targets the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene.At the three-month mark, patients taking vemurafenib were 63 percent less likely to die and 74 percent less likely to die or see their cancer return, compared to patients taking dacarbazine alone.Few patients had side effects in the vemurafenib group, although some did develop squamous cell carcinoma, a less dangerous form of skin cancer.This is the first drug that has been proven superior to chemotherapy in this group of hard-to-treat patients, the researchers said."There was such a substantial benefit that we recommended that patients cross over," Chapman said at a Sunday news briefing. "It' s unprecedented to report a trial this early. The median follow-up time was three months." Yet the differences between the two groups became evident almost immediately.Dr. Lynn Schuchter, co-moderator of the briefing and division chief of hematology-oncology at Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, said symptoms subsided in some patients almost immediately, enabling them to cut back on pain medication in just 72 hours."The median time to progression with dacarbazine was 1.6 months versus three months with vemurafenib, which is a huge difference," said Chapman.In the second study, about 500 patients were randomly picked to receive Yervoy plus dacarbazine or dacarbazine alone.Those taking both drugs lived a median of 11.2 months compared to 9.1 months for those taking dacarbazine alone. Time to recurrence of disease was about the same for both groups: 2.8 months and 2.6 months, respectively.Almost half of those taking the combination therapy were alive after one year, compared to 36.3 percent in the other group. After two years, the rates were 28.5 percent and 17.9 percent, respectively.By three years out, 20.8 percent of those in the combination group were alive compared with 12.2 percent of those taking chemotherapy alone.This is the first study to combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy both safely and effectively.A study to test vemurafenib in combination with Yervoy has already begun, according to HealthDay News.

BEIJING, Aug 4 (Xinhuanet) – A new urine test might help doctors detect prostate cancer and better evaluate a patient's treatment options, according to American reseachers Thursday."This is a tool that men and their physician can use to help them decide whether it's appropriate to get a biopsy now or delay that decision," said lead researcher Dr. Scott Tomlins, a pathology resident at the University of Michigan Health System.The test looks for two genetic markers associated with prostate cancer. The first, called TMPRSS2:ERG, is caused by two genes changing places and fusing together; it is thought to cause prostate cancer. Since the gene fusion is only seen in about half of cancer patients, the test also looks for another marker, called PCA3."We are exploiting some new bio-markers to try to refine the PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test," Tomlins said.

BEIJING, Aug. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Researchers have discovered how a human egg captures an incoming sperm for fertilization, paving the way to help couples suffering from infertility, according to media reports on Monday.An international team of researchers found that a sugar chain known as the sialyl-lewis-x sequence (SLeX) makes the outer coat of the egg “sticky,” which has proven to be helpful in binding the egg and the sperm.As a result, this observation has filled in a huge gap in the understanding of fertility and provides hope for ultimately helping couples who currently cannot conceive.Scientists and doctors know that a sperm identifies an egg when proteins on the head of the sperm match and bind to a series of specific sugars in the egg’s outer coating. With a successful match of proteins, the outside surfaces of the sperm and egg then bind together before merging, which is then followed by delivery of sperm’s DNA into egg.To identify this molecules, the researchers used ultra-sensitive mass-spectrometric imaging technology to observe and identify which molecules are most likely to be key in the binding process.They experimented with a range of synthesised sugars in the laboratory and found that it is SLeX that specifically binds sperm to an egg.According to the World Health Organisation, infertility affects about 15 percent of reproductive-aged couples around the world and almost one in every seven couples in Britain has problems conceiving a child for various reasons.

LOS ANGELES, June 29 (Xinhua) -- The war on cloud intensified as Microsoft Office announced its decision on Tuesday to go cloud in an attempt to compete with its immediate but not last competitor, Google Docs.Microsoft holds a virtual monopoly on office productivity software. Most computer users in the world use the Office software for word processing, spreadsheet, presentation and other purposes. However, Microsoft Office faces a strong enemy -- Google Docs, which provides cloud service, that means users do not have to purchase any software to be installed on their computers. If they go online, they can start use the application, and they do not need to worry about their files, because the files also go with the cloud, and users can get access to their files at anytime, anywhere.The cloud-based Office 365 is designed for the mobile age when people go with their software and documents.The actual features and functionality of the tools have a lot of bearing on which productivity suite users choose. The Word Web App is more visually appealing and polished than its Google counterpart, but overall the two seem roughly equivalent in features.When tested on a sample presentation in both the PowerPoint Web App and Google Docs Presentation, the PowerPoint Web App immediately presented with a diverse selection of attractive themes to choose from, but Google defaulted to plain black text on a plain white background.On slide and image, in Google Presentations, the image filled the whole slide but the PowerPoint Web App was smart enough to size the image automatically.When push comes to shove, the features of the Office Web Apps in Office 365 are pretty much the same as what Google Docs has to offer. However, Microsoft makes key features easier to get to, and works more intuitively. For users already familiar with Microsoft Office, the Office Web Apps version is easy to use.Both Office 365 and Google Docs are Web-based platforms, and they will work from any Web browser. Google Docs excels in the Chrome browser while Microsoft Office 365 works best in Internet Explorer. It makes sense that each would make sure that their online productivity tools are optimized for performance and functionality in their own browser.Collaboration in real time is the primary selling point of Google Docs, which can be shared with any other Google account. The users who share a file can all access and work with it simultaneously. Each user is assigned a unique color so users can easily identify who is making changes to what.But in the price war, Microsoft can not beat Google Docs. Office 365 starts at six dollars per user per month for the Professional and Small Business plan. The Medium Business and Enterprise plans range from 10 to 27 dollars per user per month. But the Google Docs is free.Microsoft also faces a challenge on how to go cloud while still keep the computer-based Office software.Statistics showed that nearly nine of every 10 office computers runs one of the 14 versions of Office the company has released since the software's launch in 1989. The company now needs to convince those computer users, estimated at about one billion, to switch to Office in the cloud without disrupting the legacy version that is financing the transition.The growing cloud market is profitable. The International Data Corp. projected the market for cloud-computing services and software is expected to grow more than 27 percent annually over the next five years and reach 73 billion dollars by 2015.It is estimated that by 2015 one of every seven dollars spent on technology will be connected with cloud computing and the winners of the cloud platform wars will likely be the new power brokers of the IT industry.It is reported that Salesforce.com has added a communication technology called Chatter to its service to allow clients to communicate within its sales management cloud service. Amazon's Elastic Cloud has attracted enterprise customers because of its ability to scale up capacity to match peaks in client demand.By 2015, it is estimated that software-oriented cloud services will account for roughly three-quarters of all spending on public cloud services. Enditem

CANBERRA, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- A genetic study on Friday found Aboriginal Australians are descended from the first people to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago.Researchers from the University of Western Australia, Murdoch University and an international team analyzed genetic material of a 100-year-old West Australian Aboriginal man's hair, and found he was directly descended from a migration out of Africa into Asia.The study revealed that Australian Aboriginal ancestors split from the first modern human populations to leave Africa, between 64,000 and 75,000 years ago, at least 24,000 years before other human migrations.According to Dr. Joe Dortch, an archaeologist at the University of Western Australia, the discovery rewrites the history of the human species by confirming humans moved out of Africa in waves of migrations rather than in one single out-of-Africa diaspora.It also rewrites the story about how Aborigines arrived in Australia some 50,000 years ago."So far there are no [archaeological] sites that are over 50, 000 years old so it puts a time limit on that and focuses our future efforts," he said in a statement released on Friday.Dr. Dortch believes the finding will foster a sense of pride in modern Australian Aborigines."No-one else in the world can say 'I am descended from people who have been here 75,000 years'."Associate Professor Darren Curnoe, leader of the Human Evolutionary Biology Lab in the School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences at the University of New South Wales, said the study powerfully confirms that Aboriginal Australians are one of the oldest living populations in the world, certainly the oldest outside of Africa."Australians are truly one of the world's great human populations and a very ancient one at that, with deep connections to the Australian continent and broader Asian region. About this now there can be no dispute," he told Xinhua in an email note.Meanwhile, Professor Alan Cooper, Director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD) at the University of Adelaide, said while this is a major step forward, the key unresolved question remains the unique story of Aboriginal history within Australia, such as what has happened in those 50,000 years of life in the harsh Australian environment."Unfortunately, the information from a single individual tells us very little about this fascinating, and critically important part of human history. Aborigines are one of the oldest continuous human populations outside Africa, as they note in the paper, and due to the geographic isolation and limited archaeological records remain one of the most mysterious chapters in human history," he told Xinhua on Friday.The study is published on Friday in the journal Science.Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands. They together make up more than 2.5 percent of Australia's population.