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Too few new antibiotics are under development to combat the threat of multidrug-resistant infections, according to a new World Health Organization report published Tuesday. Adding to the concern: It is likely that the speed of increasing resistance will outpace the slow drug development process.As of May, a total of 51 antibiotics and 11 biologicals -- medical products often made from natural sources -- are being developed, the new report said."The idea is that biologicals could replace use of antibiotics, which could help in overcoming the resistance problem," Peter Beyer, an author of the report and senior adviser to the WHO's Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, wrote in an email.Seemingly, this large number of potential new drugs should suffice, yet it is not nearly enough.First, just 33 of the antibiotics in the pipeline target priority pathogens. This year, the WHO published a list of a dozen "priority pathogens": 12 separate families of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health.Among the priority pathogens is a drug-resistant tuberculosis, which kills about 250,000 people around the world each year, and a variety of multidrug resistant strains -- Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and various Enterobacteriaceae -- which are responsible for infections in hospitals and nursing homes and among patients whose care requires ventilators and catheters.Of the 33 potential medicines for treating priority bug infections, only eight are innovative treatments. The other 25 are simple modifications of existing families of antibiotics. At best, then, the 25 will serve as short-term solutions since it is expected bacteria will quickly adapt to and resist these new (though somewhat familiar) drugs, according to the WHO."It is difficult to speculate why companies develop specific new medicines," Beyer noted. "But in general many new treatments do not necessarily constitute advances over existing treatments."TB infections require a combination of at least three antibiotics, according to the new report, yet only seven of the new TB medicines are even in clinical trials. Soon, there will be a serious lack of treatment options for this infection, the report warns.The same is true for gram-negative pathogens, which can cause severe, often deadly infections typically in hospitals and nursing homes.Gram-negative bacteria have more complex cell walls than gram-positive, explained Beyer. "In a nutshell, it is more complex to develop a novel antibiotic that can penetrate the complex gram-negative cell wall and stay inside the bacterium," he wrote.Finally, the WHO sees too few oral antibiotics being developed. These are necessary "to target the critical priority pathogens (and) be accessible in low- and middle-income countries," Beyer noted.To address the problem of developing new antibiotics, the WHO and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative set up the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership. However, new drugs alone cannot combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance. The WHO is also working to improve infection prevention and control while developing guidance for the responsible use of antibiotics."Always seek medical advice before taking antibiotics and then always follow the advice of the health-care professional," Beyer noted.The new report is a "fantastic (and very useful!) summary" of the antibiotic situation, wrote Bill Hanage, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in an email. Hanage, who has also published studies of antibiotic resistance, was not involved in the new report.Although the risk of getting a completely resistant infection is low in the United States, about 2 million people each year become infected with "resistant enough" bacteria that are harder to treat, Hanage said. And every year, more than 20,000 people die of these infections."More resistant infections don't just mean you or someone you care about is more likely to die from one, they also mean healthcare will get even more expensive," Hanage said. "Many of the procedures we take for granted in medicine, from cancer treatments to surgeries, depend on our ability to handle infections that happen in the course of treatment."The number of new drugs in development is simply not enough, he said."The great majority will not make it into the hands of doctors or your treatment," Hanage wrote. "As the report states, for drugs to be used in humans they have to pass 3 hurdles, the phase 1, 2 and 3 trials. Drugs entering that pipeline have just a 14% chance of getting all the way through to be used in humans." 4676

TIJUANA, Mexico (KGTV) - According to a Tijuana newspaper, a power outage over the course of last weekend at the Tijuana General Hospital led to the deaths of five patients who were on ventilators. Officials, though, deny it.On Wednesday, ABC10 News spoke media partner Televisa's anchor Estephania Báez about the report from newspaper Zeta. “What they got was interviews with doctors but they remained [anonymous]," said Báez.She said that state authorities and the hospital admitted there were five deaths but denied that they were caused by the outage and claimed that a backup generator kicked in but only at low voltage.Televisa is reporting that copper wire thieves are suspected of causing the loss of power. “The thieves that [steal] the copper from homes decided to do it to the General Hospital and I can’t even think about why they did this with knowing that patients are connected to ventilators,” added Báez.Tijuana's General Hospital has been hit hard since the start of the pandemic. There have been reports of a lack of beds and equipment. More recently, Báez said, there have been problems related to accessing cancer care. “They even had lots of families that have children with cancer protesting outside the hospital because they couldn't even get their treatment done,” she added.In part of a statement to ABC10 News, the hospital wrote that it categorically denies that the outage resulted in the death of any of its patients.ABC10 News reached out to the Joint Commission which oversees safety standards for hospitals in the United States to ask about power outage protocols. We were sent the following."The Joint Commission Emergency Management Standard EM.02.02.09 EP 5 requires that hospitals identify an alternative means for providing "fuel required for building operations, generators, and essential transport services that the hospital would typically provide." The facility should assess how it would be affected if outside emergency support could not be obtained for 96 hours. This does not mean that they need to have 96 hours’ worth of fuel on site. The plan could include memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with suppliers to replenish fuel as needed during the emergency period. Additionally, the plan could be to operate without normal branch of power to reduce fuel consumption, to extend run-time of the available fuel. If the generator is used as the backup power source for the life safety branch of the electrical system, the facility should have enough fuel to run the generator for a least 1-1/2 hours for as long as the building is occupied." 2592

TIJUANA, Mexico. (KGTV) -- Conditions were bleak outside the Benito Juarez sports complex, where migrants waited out the rain. Tents stretches as far as the eye can see as migrants hid beneath tarps in a makeshift camp while waiting for the rain to pass. Mud puddles still surround the camp as those inside wait for another band of rain to sweep through Tijuana later Thursday evening. Outdoor showers were set up in the camp. When asked whether or not the journey was worth it, many of the migrants told 10News conditions at the camp are better than conditions in their home countries. Many with the camp say they’re also concerned as more and more migrants come down with colds. Face masks were passed out throughout the week to try to protect those who haven’t caught a cold. Related StoriesMigrants take shelter beneath tarps, in tents as storm moves into MexicoPHOTOS: Migrants in Tijuana take shelter from the rain 928

Three different storm systems are threatening different parts of the United States and the Caribbean this weekend.Hanna becomes hurricane as it bears down on TexasHurricane Hanna made landfall on Texas’ Padre Island Saturday afternoon. The National Hurricane Center says the storm made landfall about 15 miles north of Port Mansfield with maximum winds of 90 mph.Hurricane #Hanna made landfall on Padre Island, Texas at 5 PM CDT with maximum sustained winds of 90 mph. Visit https://t.co/tW4KeFW0gB for details. pic.twitter.com/yIT12pXwjp— National Hurricane Center (@NHC_Atlantic) July 25, 2020 Hanna was upgraded to a hurricane Saturday morning as it moved toward the Texas coast, becoming the first hurricane of the Atlantic's 2020 season.Meteorologists say the biggest concern from Hanna is expected to be flash flooding. Up to a foot of rain and storm surge up to 5 feet is forecast for some areas.Local officials on Saturday asked residents to stay home and ride out the storm, but to also be mindful of the coronavirus pandemic.Officials said Friday that they were confident they'd be able to cope with the one-two punch of the storm and the state's surge in COVID-19 cases.Hurricane Douglas bears down on HawaiiHurricane Douglas in the Pacific Ocean is presenting new challenges to officials in Hawaii who are long accustomed to tropical storms.Meteorologists say Douglas should weaken by the time it hits Hawaii with strong winds, heavy rainfall and dangerous surf beginning Saturday night.Honolulu authorities are preparing extra shelter space so people can maintain physical distance from others during the COVID-19 pandemic.Evacuees at Honolulu shelters will have their temperatures taken. Those with high temperatures or with a travel or exposure history will either be isolated at that shelter or taken to a different site. Officials are also reminding residents to make sure they have masks and hand sanitizers in their emergency supply kits.President Donald Trump issued an emergency declaration for Hawaii on Saturday because of Douglas, directing federal assistance to supplement state and local response efforts.The National Weather Service on Saturday issued a hurricane warning for the island of Oahu, where the state’s largest city, Honolulu, is located.Hurricane #Douglas Advisory 22: Hurricane Douglas Continues to Move West-Northwest Toward Hawaii. Hurricane Warning Issued For Oahu. https://t.co/mbw53QNBXE— NHC Eastern Pacific (@NHC_Pacific) July 25, 2020 Maximum sustained winds decreased to about 90 mph by midday Saturday, making Douglas a Category 1 hurricane. The storm is expected to be near the main Hawaiian islands late Saturday and move over the state Sunday and Monday.Tropical Storm Gonzalo to move through CaribbeanTropical Storm Gonzalo is still on track to move across the southern Windward Islands later Saturday.Tropical Storm #Gonzalo Advisory 15A: Heavy Rain From Gonzalo Nearing Trinidad and Tobago. https://t.co/VqHn0u1vgc— National Hurricane Center (@NHC_Atlantic) July 25, 2020 Gonzalo is forecast to bring 1 to 3 inches of rain, with isolated totals of 5 inches.A tropical storm warning was in effect for Tobago and Grenada and its dependencies.The storm was expected to dissipate by Sunday night or Monday, forecasters said. 3284

Their youthful brains were developing normally, with no signs of developmental, psychological or neurological problems. None had ever had a concussion. But by the end of a single football season, 24 children between the ages of 9 and 18 who had more frequent impacts to the head showed signs of damage to brain development, new research says."Repetitive head impact exposure may have a cumulative effect in the rapidly developing brains of youth and high school football players," said study co-author Gowtham Krishnan Murugesan, a radiology research assistant at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, adding that the results mirror other recent findings.The study outfitted 60 youth and high school football players who had no history of head trauma or developmental issues with a head impact telemetry system that measures the magnitude, location and direction of impacts to the head. The researchers were not looking at whether the impact resulted in a concussion, only that impact occurred.The children were sorted into two categories: high cumulative head impact players (24) and low cumulative head impact players (36).Before beginning to play, each child had a resting state functional scan, known as an fMRI; the scans were repeated at the end of football season. The researchers were trying to see how exposure to repetitive hits affects the normal "pruning" process in the brain that occurs during adolescence."Pruning is an essential part of brain development," Murugesan said, comparing the process to how a tree needs to have dead or unneeded branches cut to keep it healthy and allow it to grow."Disruption in normal pruning has been shown to be related to weaker connections between different parts of the brain," he said.After comparing the functional MRI results to the player's level of impact, the researchers found that youth in the high-impact group had damage to their brains' pruning process after one season."Our study has found a significant decrease in gray matter pruning in the frontal default mode network, which is involved in higher cognitive functions, such as the planning and controlling of social behaviors, " Murugesan said.Although the "teenage years are a critical time for brain development, brain remodeling or synaptic pruning, this was a short-term study and did not follow the players longitudinally over several years. We don't really know the full application," said Dr. Julian Bailes, director of neurosurgery and co-director of the NorthShore University HealthSystem Neurological Institute, who was not involved in the research.Weill Cornell neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, who was also not involved in the study, called the research "early" and said the results don't necessarily "translate to a clinical or cognitive outcome." More research is needed to see whether the decline in brain pruning permanently affected the child's cognitive function or whether the brain's natural plasticity allowed it to repair itself."I would call this a pilot study," Isaacson said. "The call to action would be that we need more robust longitudinal studies with a pre- and a post-assessment of more than brain imaging. The study should also measure cognitive and neurological function and look for changes."As we learn more about the issue, Isaacson said, parents should do everything they can to limit contact in sports, "especially in practice before games, where studies show the majority of contact occurs." 3464