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PARIS, May 20 (Xinhua) -- Heavy-load launcher Ariane 5, carrying two communication satellites GSAT-8 and ST-2, lifted off at around 22:38 p.m. Paris time (GMT 2038) on Friday from Europe' s Spaceport in French Guiana.Built by Japan's Mitsubishi Electric Company, ST-2 will offer Ku-and C-band relay services across the Middle East, Central Asia, India and Southeast Asia to the ST-2 Satellite Ventures joint company of Singapore Telecommunications Ltd (SingTel) and Taiwan' s Chunghwa Telecom Company Ltd..With a weight around 5.1 tons at launch, ST-2 was separated first around 27 minutes after the lift-off. It has a designed life of 15 years and will function at 88 degree East.The lighter passenger GSAT-8, built by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), will serve to augment India's Ku- band relay capabilities and offer aircraft navigation assistance over Indian airspace and adjoining areas with its two-channel GAGAN system.GSAT-8 was expected to be ejected off around 31 minutes into the flight and will be orbited at 55 degree East. Weighed about 3. 1 tons, it has a designed life span of at least 12 years.Arianespace started its 2011 busy year for heavy-lift Ariane 5 with the milestone launch of Europe's second Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) on February 16.The next launch of Ariane 5 planned to lift off two TV broadcast and telecommunications relay satellites: BSAT-3c/JCSAT- 110R for Japan's Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation (B-SAT) and SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation, and ASTRA 1N for Luxemburg-based SES company.

You can think of NASA's Discovery program as a sort of outer-space American Idol: every few years the agency invites scientists to propose unmanned planetary missions. The projects have to address some sort of fundamental science question, and (this is the tough part) they have to be relatively cheap to pull off — say, half a billion dollars or so. Then the proposals go through a grueling competition before judges who aren't as nasty as Simon Cowell but who are every bit as tough. The one left standing at the end gets the equivalent of a recording contract: NASA supplies the funding and the launch vehicle, and away the winner goes — to orbit Mercury, as the Messenger spacecraft is doing right now; or to rendezvous with a couple of asteroids, as the Dawn mission will start doing this July; or to smash into a comet on purpose, a feat achieved by Deep Impact in 2005, a mission not to be confused with the movie of the same name. Now it's time for the next contenders. NASA has just announced that the first round of the latest Discovery competition is over, with three entries out of 28 moving on to the finals. They are, in increasing distance from Earth: the Geophysical Monitoring Station (GEMS) lander, which would use seismometers to study the interior of Mars; the Comet Hopper, which would do just that, leaping from place to place across the surface of Comet 46P/Wirtanen to see how different parts of the tumbling body react to heating by the sun; and the Titan Mare Explorer (TiME), which would plop into a sea of liquid hydrocarbons on Saturn's moon Titan — the first oceangoing vessel ever to set sail on another world. If you had to come up with a theme that ties all three missions together, it would be "origins." The Titan explorer, for example, will be studying a place that — in a crude way, at least — resembles the early planet Earth at a time when life arose here. Titan, with a thick atmosphere and a bizarro-world form of weather featuring toxic winds and hydrocarbon rain, is home to a mix of complex chemistry, complete with organic molecules. The oceans provide a medium in which the molecules can move around and interact with each other. It's even conceivable, though clearly a long shot, that some form of microscopic life already exists on this frigid moon. The Mars lander, by contrast, would visit a place where the seas — plain water in this case — vanished long ago. But the mission of GEMS goes far deeper than that. By analyzing Marsquakes on the Red Planet, GEMS will try to get a handle on what the interior of Mars is like. Scientists don't currently know whether the planet's core is liquid, like Earth's, or solid, or some mushy consistency in between. It all depends on how efficiently Mars has cooled since it formed 4.5 billion years ago, and that depends in turn on the planet's internal structure. "That's the mission," says Bruce Banerdt, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the lead scientist for GEMS. "We want to understand how Mars was built." Along with sensitive seismographic equipment, GEMS will drill down about 20 ft. (6 m) with a thermometer-equipped probe, trying to figure out how quickly the temperature rises with depth. "That will let us extrapolate all the way down to the center," Banerdt says, "which will tell us how fast Mars is cooling."

WASHINGTON, March 4 (Xinhua) -- New data suggest that the epilepsy drug Topamax (topiramate) and its generic versions increase the risk for the birth defects cleft lip and cleft palate in babies born to women who use the medication during pregnancy, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Friday in a statement.Before prescribing topiramate, approved to treat certain types of seizures in people who have epilepsy, health care professionals should warn patients of childbearing age about the potential hazard to the fetus if a woman becomes pregnant while using the drug, the FDA said.Topiramate also is approved to prevent migraine headaches, but not to relieve the pain of migraines."Health care professionals should carefully consider the benefits and risks of topiramate when prescribing it to women of childbearing age," said Russell Katz, director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "Alternative medications that have a lower risk of birth defects should be considered."Cleft lip and cleft palate, collectively called oral clefts, are birth defects that occur when parts of the lip or palate do not completely fuse together early in the first trimester of pregnancy, a time when many women do not know they are pregnant.The defects range from a small notch in the lip to a groove that runs into the roof of the mouth and nose, possibly leading to problems with eating, talking, and to ear infections. Surgery often is performed to close the lip and palate and most children do well after treatment.Data from the North American Antiepileptic Drug (AED) Pregnancy Registry indicate an increased risk of oral clefts in infants exposed to topiramate during the first trimester of pregnancy. Infants exposed to topiramate as a single therapy experienced a 1.4 percent prevalence of oral clefts, compared with a prevalence of 0.38 percent - 0.55 percent in infants exposed to other antiepileptic drugs.Infants of mothers who did not have epilepsy and were not being treated with other antiepileptic drugs had a prevalence of 0.07 percent. Similar data from the United Kingdom Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register supported the North American AED Pregnancy Registry data.According to the FDA, before starting topiramate, pregnant women and women of childbearing potential should discuss other treatment options with their health care professional.

LOS ANGELES, May 5 (Xinhua) -- NASA has selected three planetary missions from which it will pick one potential mission to look at Mars' interior for the first time, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Thursday.The Mars mission, to be launched in 2016, would be led by JPL, according to the announcement.The other two missions would study an extraterrestrial sea on one of Saturn's moons; or study in unprecedented detail the surface of a comet's nucleus, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.The selected investigations could reveal much about the formation of our solar system and its dynamic processes, JPL said.Each mission will receive three million dollars to conduct its mission's concept phase or preliminary design studies and analyses, JPL said in a news release.After another detailed review in 2012 of the concept studies, NASA will select one to continue development efforts leading up to launch. The selected mission will be cost-capped at 425 million dollars, not including launch vehicle funding, according to JPL.NASA's Discovery Program requested proposals for spaceflight investigations in June 2010. A panel of NASA and other scientists and engineers reviewed 28 submissions."NASA continues to do extraordinary science that is re-writing textbooks," said NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. "Missions like these hold great promise to vastly increase our knowledge, extend our reach into the solar system and inspire future generations of explorers."

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