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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

ROME, Dec. 6 (Xinhua) -- China is playing its part in projects of the United Nations to improve global food security under the framework of South-South Cooperation (SSC), the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said on Tuesday.FAO recently co-signed two new tripartite agreements with China, Liberia and Senegal respectively to support implementation of a series of food security initiatives and projects in Liberia and Senegal, the organization said in a press release.The Rome-based food agency said the agreements were signed in the context of the Strategic Alliance between FAO and China on SSC in support of programs for food and nutrition security in selected countries.The funding provided through the new agreement comes from a FAO-China Trust Fund of 30 million U.S. dollars, it said.Under the agreement with Liberia, China will contribute over one million dollars and provide technical assistance through 24 Chinese experts and technicians to support implementation of the country's National Program for Food Security over a two-year period.In Senegal, China will provide assistance through 26 experts and technicians."At a time when continued economic uncertainties are having an impact on the flow of traditional North-South development assistance, South-South Cooperation is creating and building on partnerships that support the direct exchange of financial and technical contributions between developing countries," said Laurent Thomas, FAO Assistant Director-General, Technical Cooperation Department."FAO's experience with South-South Cooperation has shown that the knowledge and skills of technical experts and field technicians from the (global) South have made an invaluable contribution to efforts to modernize small-scale agriculture throughout the developing world," he added.FAO's SSC initiative was launched in 1996 to provide technical support to country-level action on food insecurity.According to the organization, a total of 47 tripartite agreements have been signed to provide technical assistance among developing countries in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and over 1,500 experts and technicians have been fielded in the framework of various food security initiatives.In addition to the Strategic Alliance with China, letters of intent for SSC Strategic Alliance have also been signed so far with Argentina and Indonesia.

BEIJING, Oct. 20 (Xinhuanet) -- British scientists used bacteria and DNA to build basic components for digital devices in a new research, according to media reports, suggesting biological computers come closer to reality.Digital devices are based on logic gates, fundamental building blocks in silicon circuitry, said Professor Richard Kitney, leading researcher of the research published in the journal Nature Communications, "Without them, we could not process digital information."According to Science Daily, Professor Kitney and his colleagues from the Imperial College London replicated the building blocks using bacteria and DNA, forming biological logic gates, which paved the way for building more complex biological processors in the future.The researchers hoped biological computers can be applied to monitoring human health in the future.They believed that small biological processors, inserted in human bodies, could roam inside the bodies, monitor the health, and correct any problems they found.These biological logic gates are the most advanced created by scientists. But there is still a long way to go to apply them in reality, said Professor Kitney.

BEIJING, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- China and member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on Saturday held a meeting of senior officials on the implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in South China Sea.All the participants had in-depth discussion and reached a series of consensus, said a press release posted on the Foreign Ministry's official website (www.fmprc.gov.cn).The meeting concluded that the general situation of South China Sea is peaceful and stable, and appreciated the positive efforts from all concerned sides.The meeting regarded 2011 as a fruitful year with positive progress made in implementing the declaration, and reached consensus on the future works, including to speed up specific cooperation projects, and to host seminars on maritime disaster-relief, environment, rescue and biology research.All the parties agreed to set up experts committees on maritime scientific research, environmental protection, security and rescue, and on the crackdown on cross-border crimes, and to better utilize the China-ASEAN fund on maritime cooperation.

ABU DHABI, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said here Monday that China supports the efforts of European countries, including Iceland, to preserve financial stability and maintain economic growth.Wen made the remarks during his meeting with Icelandic President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson on the sidelines of the 5th World Future Energy Summit.The Chinese premier lauded the significant progress in China-Iceland relations, saying that China eyes on maintaining high-level exchanges, cementing consultation at various levels with Iceland, and consolidating mutual political trust.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) meets with Icelandic President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates, Jan. 16, 2012.In coping with the global financial crisis, the two countries should seek opportunities to boost market confidence, expand bilateral trade, promote mutual investment and deepen communications in culture, education and tourism, Wen said.China and Iceland share huge potential of cooperation in such fields as energy conservation, carbon emission reductions, geothermal power and glaciers, Wen noted.Agreeing with Wen's views on bilateral relations, Grimsson expressed his appreciation of China's support for Iceland as well as other European nations in tackling the global financial crisis and reaffirmed his confidence in future bilateral cooperation.Iceland will work with China to deepen cooperation in such fields as new energy, environmental protection, ship-building, and polar regions research to promote the sustainable development of the world, Grimsson stressed.Wen arrived here Monday after concluding an official visit to Saudi Arabia. The trip will also take him to Qatar.