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LOS ANGELES, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Sugarcane has the effect of cooling temperatures, thus playing role in stemming global warming, a new study has found.Sugarcane does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants " exhale" cooler water, according to the study conducted by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.The researchers used data from hundreds of satellite images over 733,000 square miles (about 1,173 square kilometers) in Brazil, where sugarcane is widely grown. They measured temperature, reflectivity (also called albedo), and evapotranspiration -- the water loss from the soil and from plants as they exhale water vapor.The findings showed that expansion of sugarcane in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate.Converting from natural vegetation to crop/pasture on average warmed the cerrado by 2.79 Fahrenheit (1.55 Centigrade, but that subsequent conversion to sugarcane, on average, cooled the surrounding air by 1.67 Fahrenheit (0.93 Centigrade), the researchers said in the study published in the April issue of Nature Climate Change."We found that shifting from natural vegetation to crops or pasture results in local warming because the plants give off less beneficial water. But the bamboo-like sugarcane is more reflective and gives off more water -- much like the natural vegetation," said lead researcher Scott Loarie. "It's a potential win-win for the climate -- using sugarcane to power vehicles reduces carbon emissions, while growing it lowers the local air temperature."Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline.The researchers emphasized that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation.So far most of the thinking about ecosystem effects on climate considers only impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. But according to co-researcher Greg Asner, "It's becoming increasingly clear that direct climate effects on local climate from land-use decisions constitute significant impacts that need to be considered core elements of human-caused climate change."

HARBIN, March 2 (Xinhua) -- A therapeutic apparatus to treat Parkinson's disease has been developed in northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, according to the provincial science and technology department. It is a worldwide breakthrough in treating the disease with transcranial magnetic stimulation, concluded an expert panel with the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology.The team said it came to the conclusion after evaluating technical documents and clinical test results Monday.This is the first time that transcranial magnetic stimulation has been adopted to treat Parkinson's disease, said Sun Zuodong, chairman of Aobo Medicine Apparatus Co., Ltd. (AMA), the developer based in the provincial capital Harbin.Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive method which causes depolarization in the brains' neurons so as to restore the functions of brain nerves.The apparatus consists of three parts, namely brain wave stimulator, field effect cap and multiplier, said Sun.Clinical tests over more than 100 patients showed that the apparatus had a 70 percent success rate in reducing the disease's symptoms, according to Wang Aili, planning manager of AMA.The new equipment will help generation of dopamine, the reduction of which within the brain caused the disease, said Wang Weixiang, a consulting doctor with the Heilongjiang Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital.Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the neural system, which leads to limb tremors and difficulty in walking and other movements.China has 2 million patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, mostly people over the age of 50, and the number is increasing by 100,000 annually, said Dr. Wang.

BEIJING, May 16 (Xinhuanet) -- NASA is close to deciding on a landing site for its Mars rover Curiosity mission by narrowing the choices to four, media reports said Monday.Scientists in the close-knit Mars research community get one last chance to make their case this week when they gather before the "judges" — the team running the 2.5 billion U.S. dollar mission that will soon suggest a landing site to NASA, the ultimate decider."All four of these places are compelling places on Mars to study. There's not a loser among them," said landing site scientist Matt Golombek of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, one of the meeting's leaders.The mission will use rover Curiosity to study whether a selected area will have environmental conditions suitable for life and for preserving evidence about whether extraterrestial life has existed.Being nuclear-powered, the rover cannot go to a location that has either water or ice within one meter of the surface.The size of a mini Cooper, Curiosity is scheduled to launch in late November after a two-year delay.

LOS ANGELES, April 7 (Xinhua) -- A new research has found that about nine million people in the United States identify themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT).About 1.8 percent of adults identify themselves as bisexual, 1. 7 percent as gay or lesbian, and 0.03 percent as transgender, researchers at the University of California-Los Angeles' School of Law said in the study published by The Los Angeles Times on Thursday.The study culled data and methods from nine surveys conducted over the last seven years and averaged results from five of those surveys to estimate sexual orientation and from two surveys to estimate the transgender population.The findings also show that about 8.2 percent of Americans said they participated in same-sex sexual activity and about 11 percent said they had some same-sex sexual attraction, but neither of these groups necessarily identified themselves as LGBT.The researchers noted that insufficient and inconsistent national surveys make it difficult to get an estimate of the LGBT population in the United States, according to the Times report.

ULAN BATOR, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- China hopes to promote political mutual trust and deepen pragmatic cooperation with Mongolia, a senior Chinese official said here Tuesday.Yan Junqi, vice chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislative body, made the remarks when meeting with Mongolian Parliament Speaker Damdin Demberel and Prime Minister Batbold Sukhbaatar on the sidelines of the 19th Annual Meeting of Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum.She said China and Mongolia are friendly neighbors and important cooperation partners, adding that China is willing to work together with Mongolia to achieve mutually beneficial cooperation and common development so as to bring more benefits to both sides and the two peoples.Demberel and Batbold said that consolidating and promoting the good-neighborliness and friendly cooperation with China is one of the priorities of Mongolia's foreign policy.They added Mongolia is willing to enhance high-level exchanges with China and deepen their pragmatic cooperation in various fields to bring bilateral ties between the two countries to a higher level.The 19th Annual Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum opened on Monday in Ulan Bator, Mongolia's capital.The forum was established in Tokyo in 1993. Its objective is to promote greater regional identification and cooperation among national parliamentarians in the Asia-Pacific region.

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