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CLEVELAND — Scientists at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute have successfully reversed Alzheimer's disease in mice.According to a news release, the researchers reversed the formation of harmful plaque in the mice's brains by gradually reducing an enzyme called BACE1, improving their mental function.“To our knowledge, this is the first observation of such a dramatic reversal of amyloid deposition in any study of Alzheimer’s disease mouse models,” says Riqiang Yan, one of the scientists on the team. The study raises hopes that drugs aimed at this same enzyme will soon be able to treat Alzheimer's disease in humans. You can read the full study in the Journal of Experimental Medicine here. 735

Could the no-calorie sweetener you rely on to replace sugar in your diet actually cause weight gain instead of the weight loss you were expecting?The answer may be yes, according to a new study."Artificial sweeteners are not risk-free," said Brian Hoffmann, assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, and a lead author of the study. "They are a very controversial topic when it comes to health and nutrition ... but they're so prevalent in society that I think we owe it to ourselves to try and figure out what's actually going on."Hoffmann presented his new research Sunday at the annual?Experimental Biology meeting in San Diego. Relying on rats and human cell cultures, his team identified a number of pathways linking artificial sweeteners with metabolic changes at the genetic level that could lead to diabetes and obesity. Specifically, the researchers found that three weeks of exposure to aspartame and acesulfame potassium -- two artificial sweeteners frequently combined in products such as Equal -- altered the expression of certain genes responsible for lipid metabolism in the cells of both rats and humans."Aspartame had some significant changes, and one of those was an increase in lipids in the bloodstream and a decrease in a biomolecule that is involved in clearing (lipids) from the bloodstream. And we saw the exact same thing with the acesulfame potassium," Hoffmann said."We then took those particular sweeteners and put them on endothelial cells -- the cells that line the blood vessels and would be exposed to them in the body -- and we detected a marked dysfunction, suggesting why sweeteners and diet soda have been linked to potential cardiovascular problems," he added.What was perhaps most surprising, according to Hoffmann, was that these metabolic changes did not occur in the presence of natural sugars such as glucose and fructose. This suggests that artificial sweeteners could contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity by an entirely different mechanism than natural sugars, he said.Artificial sweeteners appear to contribute to metabolic disorders by altering the activity of certain genes responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules such as fats and proteins, Hoffmann said. This is different from normal sugars, which contribute to cardiovascular disease through insulin resistance and by damaging the cells lining the body's blood vessels."People are generally consuming non-nutritive sweeteners believing they are a 'healthy choice,' but this may not be true," said research scientist Meghan Azad of the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, who was not involved in the new study."This is especially important given the widespread and increasing consumption of artificial sweeteners in the general population and the increasing use of artificial sweeteners in our food supply," said Azad, who has authored a paper that reviewed a number of studies on the potential downside of artificial sweeteners on weight and health.According to Azad, over 40% of adult Americans consume no-cal sweeteners on a daily basis, and studies that measure the sweeteners in blood and urine show that many people who report not using artificial sweeteners are unknowingly consuming them.It's the latest assault in the ongoing debate over artificial sweeteners and their impact on health -- a debate that began when one of our most popular foods, sugar, turned sour in terms of health. 3527

Congress returned to work this week with two major things on its plate: pass a budget bill to avoid a government shutdown and get to work on another stimulus bill legislators have been talking about for months.Congress has until Dec. 11 to pass a budget bill, but there is no timeline on another stimulus package, as both Democrats and Republicans have failed to agree to terms on one.“I just want, more than anything, to be represented by people that understand,” said Ryan Nisly.In March, Nisly lost his job bartending. Only a few weeks later, he found a new one. But after the most recent round of shutdowns in his home state of Colorado, he has been relegated to working 5-10 hours a week.“I’ve had some bad moments,” said Nisly. “No matter your amount of resolve, it’s not enough sometimes if the entire deck is stacked against you.”Nisly, like so many millions of Americans, says he has been waiting for Congress to act and pass another stimulus bill. Since the CARES Act pumped more than trillion into the U.S. economy in late March, including a ,200 stimulus check to most Americans, Congress has stumbled to give any sort of meaningful relief to those, like Nisly, who need it.The Economic Policy Institute estimates between now and 2022, trillion in relief is needed, with an additional 0 billion annually through the end of 2024.“Americans could hardly be more cynical about government and its inability to act and this is a perfect example,” said Howard Gleckman, a fiscal policy expert at the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center.Gleckman says despite the need for financial help, he thinks the prospect of a new stimulus bill, with individual stimulus checks, is bleak at best until President-elect Joe Biden is sworn into office on Jan. 20.He says Democrats and Republicans are having trouble agreeing on where money from a stimulus should go. Republicans want a smaller package, while democrats want a larger one that gives money to cities that have been hit by declining tax revenue.“It’s really pretty simple. It’s not about substance it’s all about politics,” said Gleckman. “I think the best bet is that they’ll make an effort at this [and] fail. Sometime in the next week or so, [probably] at the last minute on Dec. 10, Congress will pass a budget bill and then go home.”Editor's Note: A previous version of this article incorrectly identified Howard Gleckman as Harold. This article has been updated to reflect the correction. 2466

CINCINNATI, Ohio — A settlement has been reached after a police officer used a Taser on an 11-year-old girl while working an off-duty detail at a Kroger in Southwest Ohio.The City of Cincinnati and Kroger have agreed to pay the family of Donesha Gowdy 0,000 to settle the claim of excessive force, according to a news release from family attorney Al Gerhardstein.Donesha had been shoplifting from the Kroger on Aug. 6 when Officer Kevin Brown, who was on security duty, ordered her to stop. She didn't. The officer fired his Taser as she walked away. One probe struck her at the base of her spine; the other hit between her shoulder blades.The incident prompted an apology from Cincinnati Mayor John Cranley and a promise from Vice Mayor Christopher Smitherman to review Cincinnati Police Department’s protocol on Tasers.Cincinnati Police Chief Eliot K. Isaac promised “a very thorough review” of Brown's actions, as well as the department’s use-of-force policies as they pertain to juvenile suspects. He said he's "extremely concerned when force is used by one of our officers on a child of this age."Smitherman, along with the girl's mother, also say the policy needs to change. The settlement did not include plans to change police department policy, and it must be approved by probate court.Donesha wrote this apology to Kroger: “I Donesha Gowdy is writing this letter to apologize to the Kroger company … to say I’m sorry for stealing from the store in will not do it again.”WCPO television station in Cincinnati has reached out to the City of Cincinnati and Kroger for comment. 1629

Conor McGregor and Khabib Nurmagomedov's suspensions have been extended indefinitely following the brawl that broke out after their UFC fight earlier this month.The Nevada State Athletic Commission unanimously ruled on Wednesday to uphold the fighters' suspensions until the end of its investigation into the ugly scenes that broke out following McGregor's defeat by Nurmagomdov in Las Vegas.The Commission also voted to withhold half of Nurmagomedov's million purse until a hearing in December.READ: Conor McGregor comeback ends in defeat amid chaotic scenes"I have felt half was a good enough amount of money, to release a million dollars," the NSAC chairman, Anthony Marnell, said during the meeting. "That should cover all expenses, give the fighter some money."At the same time, it's still a very substantial amount of money to be withheld until we can get to the case in December and get all of the testimony or potentially we get a settlement agreement."Who knows how that will go over the next 60 days, but it's enough money to keep this contestant's interest in this hearing."READ: UFC 'never going to change' after trash talk fuels ugly brawlIt comes after Nurmagomedov, who maintained his unbeaten 27-0 record with a comfortable victory over McGregor, scaled the octagon to launch an attack on the Irishman's team after the fight on October 6.Members of the Russian's team also launched their own assault on the beaten McGregor. Three men were reportedly arrested but later released after McGregor refused to press charges.While Nurmagomedov apologized for his actions, he said he had been aggravated by McGregor's pre-fight trash talk, with the Irishman, who had not fought since his boxing match against Floyd Mayweather in August last year, making remarks concerning the Russian fighter's family, religion, and nationality."This is a respectful sport, not a trash-talking sport," Nurmagomedov said during a post-bout media conference.READ: Khabib Nurmagomedov threatens to quit UFC after brawlThe pair were previously handed temporary suspensions on October 15 following the ugly scenes at UFC 229.The-CNN-Wire 2135