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CANBERRA, May 27 (Xinhua) -- An Australian student has discovered a part of the universe that astrophysicists have spent decades trying to find, Australia's Monash University on Friday confirmed in a statement.Astrophysicists have long thought the universe has a greater mass than is visible in the planets, but they had no way of proving it is there.Undergraduate student Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, 22, was on a summer internship at Monash University to learn more about astrophysics, when she managed to solve one of the big mysteries of science.Fraser-McKelvie, an aerospace engineering student, conducted a targeted X-ray search for the matter and found evidence of it within three months.Her tutor, Kevin Pimbblet, said the discovery is significant."We've been looking for this ordinary matter for a couple of decades," he said in a statement on Friday."It's been published in one of the most prestigious journals in the world, so astronomers all over the world will be able to read this article."Scientists had thought the matter would have a temperature of about 1 million degrees Celsius, 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit, and should therefore be observable at X-ray wavelengths.Amelia Fraser-McKelvie's discovery has proved that prediction is correct, Pimbblet said.The trio published a research paper on the missing mass in one of the world's oldest and most prestigious scientific journals, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.He said the discovery could change the way telescopes are built.

WASHINGTON, April 4 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have identified a gene that appears to play a role in regulating how much alcohol people drink, in a study of over 47,000 people published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.The researchers say that finding a common genetic variation influencing levels of alcohol consumption may lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying alcohol drinking behavior in the general population.The gene, called "autism susceptibility candidate 2", or AUTS2, has previously been linked to autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but its function is not known.The new study, by an international consortium led by scientists at Imperial College London and King's College London, found that there are two versions of the AUTS2 gene, one three times more common than the other. People with the less common version drink on average five percent less alcohol than people with the more common version.The gene is most active in parts of the brain associated with neuropsychological reward mechanisms, suggesting that it might play a part in regulating the positive reinforcement that people feel when they drink alcohol.Alcohol consumption is known to be partly determined by genes but until now the only gene known to make a notable contribution was the gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase, an enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the liver.Professor Paul Elliott, from the School of Public Health at Imperial College London, said: "Of course there are a lot of factors that affect how much alcohol a person drinks, but we know from twin studies that genes play an important role. The difference that this particular gene makes is only small, but by finding it we've opened up a new area of research into the biological mechanisms that control drinking."

SAN FRANCISCO, April 22 (Xinhua) -- Apple and Google collect smartphone users' location information as part of their race to build massive databases, The Wall Street Journal reported on Friday after analyzing data and documents.According to the report, security analysts with the newspaper found that Apple's iPhone and smartphones running Google's Android operating system regularly transmit users' locations back to the two companies respectively, which is part of their race to build databases capable of pinpointing people's locations via smartphones.A report by research firm Gartner indicated that the market for location-based services is expected to rise to 8.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2014 from the current 2.9 billion dollars.In the case of Google, a security analyst with The Wall Street Journal said an HTC Android phone collected name, location, signal strength of any nearby Wi-Fi networks, and a unique phone identifier every few seconds and transmitted the data to Google at least several times an hour."All location sharing on Android is opt-in by the user," Google said in a statement to technology blog site All Things Digital, in response to the concern that how Android system uses location information."We provide users with notice and control over the collection, sharing and use of location in order to provide a better mobile experience on Android devices. Any location data that is sent back to Google location servers is anonymous and is not tied or traceable to a specific user," said the statement.Worries on the iPhone tracking issue surfaced on Wednesday after two British researchers announced at a technology conference in California that iPhone has been collecting users' location information and storing the data for extended periods of time.The researchers said starting on June 21 2010, after the release of iOS 4 mobile operating system, iPhones began logging and storing location information in a file, which shows the users' latitude and longitude and is timestamped to the second. They noted the information is not encrypted on the phone or on the iPhone backups made by iTunes and the file is also persistent, transferring itself to a new iOS device when the old one is replaced.They added they had no evidence that the file was being transmitted to Apple.On Thursday, U.S. congressman Edward Markey reacted angrily to the news in a letter to Apple CEO Steve Jobs, which is posted on Markey's official website.Markey asked Jobs to make a response within 15 business days or no later than May 12, saying "Apple needs to safeguard personal location information of its users to ensure that an iPhone doesn't become an iTrack."Apple has made no comment on the issue so far, but a letter it sent to U.S. Congress last July came under spotlight. In the letter, Apple said it collects Wi-Fi and GPS information when the phone is searching for a cellular connection and gathers the data to help build a "database with known location information."

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