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WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- U.S. scientists have found two gene mutations occurring in oligodendrogliomas, the second-most common form of brain cancer, according to a study to be published Friday in journal Science.For years scientists have been looking for the primary cancer genes involved in oligodendrogliomas evolvement. Scientists know the two chromosomes held the probable mutations, but the particular gene information remains unclear.Now scientists at Duke University Medical Center and Johns Hopkins University have discovered the most likely genetic mutations that researchers have been hunting for on chromosomes 1 and 19.The genes they identified, CIC or FUBP1, are tumor suppressor genes. The cancer-related pathways that involve these genes could become targets for future treatments, said Hai Yan, a Duke associate professor of pathology and co-corresponding author of the study.The researchers found CIC on chromosome 19 and FUBP1 on chromosome 1 based on an initial study of seven oligodendrogliomas. They found six mutations and two mutations, respectively, in the seven tumors. Further study of 27 more of these tumors showed that there were 12 and three mutations of CIC and FUBP1, respectively. The two genes were rarely mutated in other types of cancers, indicating that they are oligodendroglioma-specific genes.These genes were difficult to find until the technology improved, said Yan."The team used whole genome sequencing technology so that no genes would be excluded, and we found to our surprise that one gene, on chromosome 19, was mutated in six out of the seven initial tumor specimens we sequenced," Yan said. "A mutation frequency of 85 percent is very high."The finding of two additional new genes involved in oligodendrogliomas increases the chances for an effective combination drug therapy for the tumor, Yan said. He envisions a combination cocktail of drugs similar to the combination-drug treatments taken by HIV patients that would target different pathways involved in cancer, and assist both in reducing the chance of relapsing and increasing odds of success.

XI'AN, Sept. 18 (Xinhua) -- At least 12 people were killed and 22 others missing over the weekend in rain-triggered landslides in northwestern Shaanxi Province, local officials said.As of 5:30 p.m. Sunday, rescuers had retrieved 10 bodies from beneath the rocks and mud in Baqiao District of the provincial capital of Xi'an, while another five were injured, said Zhu Zhisheng, vice mayor of Xi'an, who was at the site.Another 22 people remained missing, Zhu said, adding the injured were hospitalized and in stable condition.The landslide around 2 p.m. Saturday unleashed about 100,000 cubic meters of rock and mud down the mountain, engulfing a brick factory and destroying part of a nearby ceramics factory in the suburban district of Xi'an.Rescuers found four bodies on Saturday night and six others were retrieved on Sunday.More than 700 police, firefighters and local residents joined the rescue which went on Sunday night.However, the rescue was hampered by three ensuing slides between 10 a.m. and 11 a.m. Sunday as heavy rains continued slashing the city.About 10,000 cubic meters of newly-triggered rock and mud roared down to the site, forcing rescuers to suspend searching temporarily.Heavy downpours in the province also caused havoc in other areas.A heavy rainfall on Saturday night triggered a landslide that buried a residential house in the suburban district of Jintai in Baoji City, some 175 km to the west of Xi'an.Two people were dug out but later died after they were rushed to a nearby hospital, the municipal government of Baoji said in a statement Sunday.The downpours also brought a landslide in the same district early Sunday morning. Three people were saved and sent to a local hospital, according to the statement.The three wounded were in stable condition, doctors at the hospital said.

KATHMANDU, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- Two glaciers in Nepal that shrank at an accelerated rate in the past 10 years compared to preceding decades will inevitably disappear from rising temperatures as no fresh snow supply is expected for them, a new research by Japan's Nagoya University says.According to Wednesday's Republica daily, the masses of the Yala glacier of Langtang Himal in central Nepal and the AX010 glacier of Shorong Himal in the Khumbu region shrank annually by 0. 8 meters and 0.81 meters respectively in the 2000s, which was a significant acceleration from the 0.68 and 0.72 meters of shrinkage per year between 1970 and 1990, said findings of the research published in a journal of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States on Tuesday."If the trend since the 1990s continues for the Yala and AX010 glaciers, the disappearance of these glaciers is inevitable because they are about to lose their accumulation areas, thus, no snow supply is expected for these glaciers," says the research conducted by Koji Fujita and Takayuki Nuimura.The researchers also found that while the shrinking of glaciers has accelerated in humid environments, the opposite is true for those in arid environments. The shrinking of Rikha Samba glacier located in the Kaligandaki Hidden Valley slowed from 0.57 meters per year between 1970 and 1990 to 0.48 meters per year in the 2000s."A comparison of the mass balance results and annual precipitation reveals that glacier wastage has been accelerated in humid environments but suppressed in an arid environment," the research says.Apart from environment, altitude also appears to play a role in the lifespan of glaciers, the researchers say. Rikha Samba is located at an altitude of 5,700 meters where loss of mass from melting could be compensated to some extent by collection of snowfall.The Yala glacier and AX010, on the other hand, are located at lower altitudes of 5,400 meters and 5,200 meters respectively.

WASHINGTON, June 9 (Xinhua) -- Observations from NASA's Voyager spacecraft suggest the edge of our solar system may not be smooth, but filled with a turbulent sea of magnetic bubbles, the U.S. space agency said Thursday in a statement.While using a new computer model to analyze Voyager data, scientists found the sun's distant magnetic field is made up of bubbles approximately 100 million miles wide. The bubbles are created when magnetic field lines reorganize. The new model suggests the field lines are broken up into self-contained structures disconnected from the solar magnetic field. The findings are described Thursday in the Astrophysical Journal.Like Earth, our sun has a magnetic field with a north pole and a south pole. The field lines are stretched outward by the solar wind or a stream of charged particles emanating from the star that interacts with material expelled from others in our corner of the Milky Way galaxy.The Voyager spacecraft, more than nine billion miles away from Earth, are traveling in a boundary region. In that area, the solar wind and magnetic field are affected by material expelled from other stars in our corner of the Milky Way galaxy."The sun's magnetic field extends all the way to the edge of the solar system," said astronomer Merav Opher of Boston University. "Because the sun spins, its magnetic field becomes twisted and wrinkled, a bit like a ballerina's skirt. Far, far away from the sun, where the Voyagers are, the folds of the skirt bunch up."Understanding the structure of the sun's magnetic field will allow scientists to explain how galactic cosmic rays enter our solar system and help define how the star interacts with the rest of the galaxy.So far, much of the evidence for the existence of the bubbles originates from an instrument aboard the spacecraft that measures energetic particles. Investigators are studying more information and hoping to find signatures of the bubbles in the Voyager magnetic field data."We are still trying to wrap our minds around the implications of the findings," said University of Maryland physicist Jim Drake, one of Opher's colleagues.Launched in 1977, the Voyager twin spacecraft have been on a 33- year journey. They are en route to reach the edge of interstellar space. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory built the spacecraft and continues to operate them.

MOSCOW, June 15 (Xinhua) -- Russia's Mission Control announced on Wednesday it had raised the International Space Station (ISS) by 10.2 km to 374.7 km with the help of the Europe's ATV-2 Johannes Kepler.The Mission Control conducted the correction to the ISS at 19: 55 Moscow time (1555 GMT) by the boosters of the ATV-2 Johannes Kepler. The correction had lasted for some 40 minutes.According to the Mission Control, the correction was made in line with the ISS's ballistic flight program.On June 12, the Europe's second Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) Johannes Kepler has conducted two similar operations, raising the ISS orbit by 19.2 km to 364.6 km.Corrections to the space station's orbit are conducted periodically before launches of Russian cargo ships and U.S. shuttles to compensate for the Earth's gravity and to safeguard successful dockings.According to the Mission Control, the ATV-2 Johannes Kepler is scheduled to undock from the ISS on June 21.